/*
 Copyright (C) 2007 Eric H. Jensen

 This file is part of QuantLib, a free-software/open-source library
 for financial quantitative analysts and developers - http://quantlib.org/

 QuantLib is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it
 under the terms of the QuantLib license.  You should have received a
 copy of the license along with this program; if not, please email
 <quantlib-dev@lists.sf.net>. The license is also available online at
 <http://quantlib.org/license.shtml>.

 This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
 ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS
 FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the license for more details.
*/

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Text;

using QuantLib;

namespace EquityOptionTest
{
    class EquityOption
    {
        /// <summary>
        /// The main entry point for the application.
        /// </summary>
        [STAThread]
        static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            DateTime startTime = DateTime.Now;

            Option.Type optionType = Option.Type.Put;
            double underlyingPrice = 36;
            double strikePrice = 40;
            double dividendYield = 0.0;
            double riskFreeRate = 0.06;
            double volatility = 0.2;

            Date todaysDate = new Date(15, Month.May, 1998);
            Settings.instance().setEvaluationDate(todaysDate);

            Date settlementDate = new Date(17, Month.May, 1998);
            Date maturityDate = new Date(17, Month.May, 1999);

            Calendar calendar = new TARGET();

            DateVector exerciseDates = new DateVector(4);
            for (int i = 1; i <= 4; i++) {
                Period forwardPeriod = new Period(3 * i, TimeUnit.Months);
                Date forwardDate = settlementDate.Add(forwardPeriod);
                exerciseDates.Add(forwardDate);
            }

            EuropeanExercise europeanExercise =
                new EuropeanExercise(maturityDate);
            BermudanExercise bermudanExercise =
                new BermudanExercise(exerciseDates);
            AmericanExercise americanExercise =
                new AmericanExercise(settlementDate, maturityDate);

            // bootstrap the yield/dividend/vol curves and create a
            // BlackScholesMerton stochastic process
            DayCounter dayCounter = new Actual365Fixed();
            YieldTermStructureHandle flatRateTSH =
                new YieldTermStructureHandle(
                                new FlatForward(settlementDate, riskFreeRate,
                                                 dayCounter));
            YieldTermStructureHandle flatDividendTSH =
                new YieldTermStructureHandle(
                                new FlatForward(settlementDate, dividendYield,
                                                dayCounter));
            BlackVolTermStructureHandle flatVolTSH =
                new BlackVolTermStructureHandle(
                                new BlackConstantVol(settlementDate, calendar,
                                                     volatility, dayCounter));

            QuoteHandle underlyingQuoteH =
                new QuoteHandle(new SimpleQuote(underlyingPrice));
            BlackScholesMertonProcess stochasticProcess =
                new BlackScholesMertonProcess(underlyingQuoteH,
                                              flatDividendTSH,
                                              flatRateTSH,
                                              flatVolTSH);

            PlainVanillaPayoff payoff =
                new PlainVanillaPayoff(optionType, strikePrice);

            // options
            VanillaOption europeanOption =
                new VanillaOption(payoff, europeanExercise);
            VanillaOption bermudanOption =
                new VanillaOption(payoff, bermudanExercise);
            VanillaOption americanOption =
                new VanillaOption(payoff, americanExercise);

            // report the parameters we are using
            ReportParameters(optionType, underlyingPrice, strikePrice,
                             dividendYield, riskFreeRate,
                             volatility, maturityDate);

            // write out the column headings
            ReportHeadings();

            #region Analytic Formulas

            // Black-Scholes for European
            try {
                europeanOption.setPricingEngine(
                               new AnalyticEuropeanEngine(stochasticProcess));
                ReportResults("Black-Scholes",
                              europeanOption.NPV(), null, null);
            }
            catch (Exception e) {
                Console.WriteLine(e.ToString());
            }

            // Barone-Adesi and Whaley approximation for American
            try {
                americanOption.setPricingEngine(
                              new BaroneAdesiWhaleyEngine(stochasticProcess));
                ReportResults("Barone-Adesi/Whaley",
                              null, null, americanOption.NPV());
            }
            catch (Exception e) {
                Console.WriteLine(e.ToString());
            }

            // Bjerksund and Stensland approximation for American
            try {
                americanOption.setPricingEngine(
                             new BjerksundStenslandEngine(stochasticProcess));
                ReportResults("Bjerksund/Stensland",
                              null, null, americanOption.NPV());
            }
            catch (Exception e) {
                Console.WriteLine(e.ToString());
            }

            // Integral
            try {
                europeanOption.setPricingEngine(
                                       new IntegralEngine(stochasticProcess));
                ReportResults("Integral",
                              europeanOption.NPV(), null, null);
            }
            catch (Exception e) {
                Console.WriteLine(e.ToString());
            }

            uint timeSteps = 801;

            // Finite differences
            try {
                europeanOption.setPricingEngine(
                              new FDEuropeanEngine(stochasticProcess,
                                                   timeSteps, timeSteps - 1));
                bermudanOption.setPricingEngine(
                              new FDBermudanEngine(stochasticProcess,
                                                   timeSteps, timeSteps - 1));
                americanOption.setPricingEngine(
                              new FDAmericanEngine(stochasticProcess,
                                                   timeSteps, timeSteps - 1));
                ReportResults("Finite differences",
                              europeanOption.NPV(),
                              bermudanOption.NPV(),
                              americanOption.NPV());
            }
            catch (Exception e) {
                Console.WriteLine(e.ToString());
            }

            //Variance Gamma
            try
            {
                VarianceGammaProcess vgProcess = new VarianceGammaProcess(underlyingQuoteH,
                                              flatDividendTSH,
                                              flatRateTSH,
                                              volatility, 0.01, 0.0
                                              );
                europeanOption.setPricingEngine(
                               new VarianceGammaEngine(vgProcess));
                ReportResults("Variance-Gamma",
                              europeanOption.NPV(), null, null);
            }
            catch (Exception e)
            {
                Console.WriteLine(e.ToString());
            }

            #endregion Analytic Formulas

            #region Binomial Methods

            // Binomial Jarrow-Rudd
            try {
                europeanOption.setPricingEngine(
                          new BinomialVanillaEngine(stochasticProcess,
                                                    "jarrowrudd", timeSteps));
                bermudanOption.setPricingEngine(
                          new BinomialVanillaEngine(stochasticProcess,
                                                    "jarrowrudd", timeSteps));
                americanOption.setPricingEngine(
                          new BinomialVanillaEngine(stochasticProcess,
                                                    "jarrowrudd", timeSteps));
                ReportResults("Binomial Jarrow-Rudd",
                              europeanOption.NPV(),
                              bermudanOption.NPV(),
                              americanOption.NPV());
            }
            catch (Exception e) {
                Console.WriteLine(e.ToString());
            }

            // Binomial Cox-Ross-Rubinstein
            try {
                europeanOption.setPricingEngine(
                   new BinomialVanillaEngine(stochasticProcess,
                                             "coxrossrubinstein", timeSteps));
                bermudanOption.setPricingEngine(
                   new BinomialVanillaEngine(stochasticProcess,
                                             "coxrossrubinstein", timeSteps));
                americanOption.setPricingEngine(
                   new BinomialVanillaEngine(stochasticProcess,
                                             "coxrossrubinstein", timeSteps));
                ReportResults("Binomial Cox-Ross-Rubinstein",
                              europeanOption.NPV(),
                              bermudanOption.NPV(),
                              americanOption.NPV());
            }
            catch (Exception e) {
                Console.WriteLine(e.ToString());
            }

            // Additive Equiprobabilities
            try {
                europeanOption.setPricingEngine(
                                 new BinomialVanillaEngine(stochasticProcess,
                                                           "eqp", timeSteps));
                bermudanOption.setPricingEngine(
                                 new BinomialVanillaEngine(stochasticProcess,
                                                           "eqp", timeSteps));
                americanOption.setPricingEngine(
                                 new BinomialVanillaEngine(stochasticProcess,
                                                           "eqp", timeSteps));
                ReportResults("Additive Equiprobabilities",
                              europeanOption.NPV(),
                              bermudanOption.NPV(),
                              americanOption.NPV());
            }
            catch (Exception e) {
                Console.WriteLine(e.ToString());
            }

            // Binomial Trigeorgis
            try {
                europeanOption.setPricingEngine(
                          new BinomialVanillaEngine(stochasticProcess,
                                                    "trigeorgis", timeSteps));
                bermudanOption.setPricingEngine(
                          new BinomialVanillaEngine(stochasticProcess,
                                                    "trigeorgis", timeSteps));
                americanOption.setPricingEngine(
                          new BinomialVanillaEngine(stochasticProcess,
                                                    "trigeorgis", timeSteps));
                ReportResults("Binomial Trigeorgis",
                              europeanOption.NPV(),
                              bermudanOption.NPV(),
                              americanOption.NPV());
            }
            catch (Exception e) {
                Console.WriteLine(e.ToString());
            }

            // Binomial Tian
            try {
                europeanOption.setPricingEngine(
                                new BinomialVanillaEngine(stochasticProcess,
                                                          "tian", timeSteps));
                bermudanOption.setPricingEngine(
                                new BinomialVanillaEngine(stochasticProcess,
                                                          "tian", timeSteps));
                americanOption.setPricingEngine(
                                new BinomialVanillaEngine(stochasticProcess,
                                                          "tian", timeSteps));
                ReportResults("Binomial Tian",
                              europeanOption.NPV(),
                              bermudanOption.NPV(),
                              americanOption.NPV());
            }
            catch (Exception e) {
                Console.WriteLine(e.ToString());
            }

            // Binomial Leisen-Reimer
            try {
                europeanOption.setPricingEngine(
                        new BinomialVanillaEngine(stochasticProcess,
                                                  "leisenreimer", timeSteps));
                bermudanOption.setPricingEngine(
                        new BinomialVanillaEngine(stochasticProcess,
                                                  "leisenreimer", timeSteps));
                americanOption.setPricingEngine(
                        new BinomialVanillaEngine(stochasticProcess,
                                                  "leisenreimer", timeSteps));
                ReportResults("Binomial Leisen-Reimer",
                              europeanOption.NPV(),
                              bermudanOption.NPV(),
                              americanOption.NPV());
            }
            catch (Exception e) {
                Console.WriteLine(e.ToString());
            }

            // Binomial Joshi
            try {
                europeanOption.setPricingEngine(
                              new BinomialVanillaEngine(stochasticProcess,
                                                        "joshi4", timeSteps));
                bermudanOption.setPricingEngine(
                              new BinomialVanillaEngine(stochasticProcess,
                                                        "joshi4", timeSteps));
                americanOption.setPricingEngine(
                              new BinomialVanillaEngine(stochasticProcess,
                                                        "joshi4", timeSteps));
                ReportResults("Binomial Joshi",
                              europeanOption.NPV(),
                              bermudanOption.NPV(),
                              americanOption.NPV());
            }
            catch (Exception e) {
                Console.WriteLine(e.ToString());
            }

            #endregion Binomial Methods

            #region Monte Carlo Methods

            // quantlib appears to use max numeric (int and real) values to test for 'null' (or rather 'default') values

            // MC (crude)
            try {
                string traits = "pseudorandom";
                int mcTimeSteps = 1;
                int timeStepsPerYear = int.MaxValue;
                bool brownianBridge = false;
                bool antitheticVariate = false;
                int requiredSamples = int.MaxValue;
                double requiredTolerance = 0.02;
                int maxSamples = int.MaxValue;
                int seed = 42;
                europeanOption.setPricingEngine(
                    new MCEuropeanEngine(stochasticProcess,
                                         traits, mcTimeSteps,
                                         timeStepsPerYear,
                                         brownianBridge,
                                         antitheticVariate,
                                         requiredSamples,
                                         requiredTolerance,
                                         maxSamples, seed));
                ReportResults("MC (crude)", europeanOption.NPV(), null, null);
            }
            catch (Exception e) {
                Console.WriteLine(e.ToString());
            }

            // MC (Sobol)
            try {
                string traits = "lowdiscrepancy";
                int mcTimeSteps = 1;
                int timeStepsPerYear = int.MaxValue;
                bool brownianBridge = false;
                bool antitheticVariate = false;
                int requiredSamples = 32768;  // 2^15
                double requiredTolerance = double.MaxValue;
                int maxSamples = int.MaxValue;
                int seed = 0;
                europeanOption.setPricingEngine(
                    new MCEuropeanEngine(stochasticProcess,
                                         traits, mcTimeSteps,
                                         timeStepsPerYear,
                                         brownianBridge,
                                         antitheticVariate,
                                         requiredSamples,
                                         requiredTolerance, maxSamples, seed));
                ReportResults("MC (Sobol)", europeanOption.NPV(), null, null);
            }
            catch (Exception e) {
                Console.WriteLine(e.ToString());
            }

            // MC (Longstaff Schwartz)
            /*
            try {
                // MCAmericanEngine is not currently exposed in SWIG
                //americanOption.setPricingEngine(new MCAmericanEngine());
                ReportResults("MC (Longstaff Schwartz)", null, null, null);
            }
            catch (Exception e) {
                Console.WriteLine(e.ToString());
            }
            */

            #endregion Monte Carlo Methods

            DateTime endTime = DateTime.Now;
            TimeSpan delta = endTime - startTime;
            Console.WriteLine();
            Console.WriteLine("Run completed in {0} s", delta.TotalSeconds);
            Console.WriteLine();
        }

        private static void ReportParameters(Option.Type optionType,
                                             double underlyingPrice,
                                             double strikePrice,
                                             double dividendYield,
                                             double riskFreeRate,
                                             double volatility,
                                             Date maturityDate)
        {
            Console.WriteLine();
            Console.WriteLine("Option type = {0}", optionType);
            Console.WriteLine("Maturity = {0} {1} {2}", maturityDate.year(),
                              maturityDate.month(), maturityDate.dayOfMonth());
            Console.WriteLine("Underlying price = ${0}", underlyingPrice);
            Console.WriteLine("Strike = ${0}", strikePrice);
            Console.WriteLine("Risk-free interest rate = {0}%",
                              riskFreeRate * 100.0);
            Console.WriteLine("Dividend yield = {0}%", dividendYield * 100.0);
            Console.WriteLine("Volatility = {0}%", volatility * 100);
            Console.WriteLine();
        }

        private static int[] columnWidths = { 35, 14, 14, 14 };

        private static void ReportHeadings()
        {
            Console.Write("Method".PadRight(columnWidths[0]));
            Console.Write("European".PadRight(columnWidths[1]));
            Console.Write("Bermudan".PadRight(columnWidths[2]));
            Console.Write("American".PadRight(columnWidths[3]));
            Console.WriteLine();
        }

        private static void ReportResults(string methodName, double? european,
                                          double? bermudan, double? american)
        {
            string strNA = "N/A";
            string format = "{0:N6}";
            Console.Write(methodName.PadRight(columnWidths[0]));
            Console.Write(String.Format((european == null) ? strNA : format,
                                        european).PadRight(columnWidths[1]));
            Console.Write(String.Format((bermudan == null) ? strNA : format,
                                        bermudan).PadRight(columnWidths[2]));
            Console.Write(String.Format((american == null) ? strNA : format,
                                        american).PadRight(columnWidths[3]));
            Console.WriteLine();
        }
    }
}

