virt-sysprep(1)

名前
virt-sysprep - 仮想マシンをクローンできるよう、再設定、設定解除またはカスタマイズします

書式
 virt-sysprep [--options] -d domname

 virt-sysprep [--options] -a disk.img [-a disk.img ...]

説明
Virt-sysprep can reset or unconfigure a virtual machine so that clones can be made from it. Steps in this process include removing SSH host keys, removing persistent network MAC configuration, and removing user accounts. Virt-sysprep can also customize a virtual machine, for instance by adding SSH keys, users or logos. Each step can be enabled or disabled as required.

Virt-sysprep modifies the guest or disk image in place. The guest must be shut down. If you want to preserve the existing contents of the guest, you must snapshot, copy or clone the disk first. See "COPYING AND CLONING" below.

You do not need to run virt-sysprep as root. In fact we'd generally recommend that you don't. The time you might want to run it as root is when you need root in order to access the disk image, but even in this case it would be better to change the permissions on the disk image to be writable as the non-root user running virt-sysprep.

"Sysprep" stands for "system preparation" tool. The name comes from the Microsoft program sysprep.exe which is used to unconfigure Windows machines in preparation for cloning them. (Virt-sysprep does not work on Microsoft Windows guests.)

オプション

--help
    簡単なヘルプを表示します。

-a file
--add file
    仮想マシンからディスクイメージの file を追加します。

    ディスクイメージの形式は自動的に検出されます。強制的に特定の形式を使用するには --format オプションを使用します。

-a URI
--add URI
    Add a remote disk. The URI format is compatible with guestfish. See "ADDING REMOTE STORAGE" in guestfish(1).

--colors
--colours
    Use ANSI colour sequences to colourize messages. This is the default when the output is a tty. If the output of the program is redirected to a file, ANSI colour sequences are disabled unless you use this option.

-c URI
--connect URI
    libvirt を使用していると、指定された URI に接続します。 省略すると、デフォルトの libvirt ハイパーバイザーに接続します。

    ゲストのブロックデバイスを直接指定していると（(-a)）、libvirt は何も使用されません。

-d guest
--domain guest
    名前付きの libvirt 仮想マシンからすべてのディスクを追加します。 名前の代わりに仮想マシンの UUID を使用できます。

-n
--dry-run
    Perform a read-only "dry run" on the guest. This runs the sysprep operation, but throws away any changes to the disk at the end.

--enable operations
    Choose which sysprep operations to perform. Give a comma-separated list of operations, for example:

     --enable ssh-hostkeys,udev-persistent-net

    would enable ONLY "ssh-hostkeys" and "udev-persistent-net" operations.

    If the --enable option is not given, then we default to trying most sysprep operations (see --list-operations to show which are enabled).

    Regardless of the --enable option, sysprep operations are skipped for some guest types.

    特定のバージョンの virt-sysprep によりサポートされる操作の一覧を表示するには --list-operations を使用します。

    See "OPERATIONS" below for a list and an explanation of each operation.

--operation operations
--operations operations
    Choose which sysprep operations to perform. Give a comma-separated list of operations, for example:

     --operations ssh-hostkeys,udev-persistent-net

    would enable ONLY "ssh-hostkeys" and "udev-persistent-net" operations.

    --operations allows you to enable and disable any operation, including the default ones (which would be tried when specifying neither --operations nor --enable) and all the available ones; prepending a "-" in front of an operation name removes it from the list of enabled operations, while the meta-names "defaults" and "all" represent respectively the operations enabled by default and all the available ones. For example:

     --operations firewall-rules,defaults,-tmp-files

    would enable the "firewall-rules" operation (regardless whether it is enabled by default), all the default ones, and disable the "tmp-files" operation.

    --operations can be specified multiple times; the first time the set of enabled operations is empty, while any further --operations affects the operations enabled so far.

    If the --operations option is not given, then we default to trying most sysprep operations (see --list-operations to show which are enabled).

    Regardless of the --operations option, sysprep operations are skipped for some guest types.

    特定のバージョンの virt-sysprep によりサポートされる操作の一覧を表示するには --list-operations を使用します。

    See "OPERATIONS" below for a list and an explanation of each operation.

--echo-keys
    When prompting for keys and passphrases, virt-sysprep normally turns echoing off so you cannot see what you are typing. If you are not worried about Tempest attacks and there is no one else in the room you can specify this flag to see what you are typing.

--format raw|qcow2|..
--format auto
    The default for the -a option is to auto-detect the format of the disk image. Using this forces the disk format for -a options which follow on the command line. Using --format auto switches back to auto-detection for subsequent -a options.

    例:

     virt-sysprep --format raw -a disk.img

    forces raw format (no auto-detection) for disk.img.

     virt-sysprep --format raw -a disk.img --format auto -a another.img

    forces raw format (no auto-detection) for disk.img and reverts to auto-detection for another.img.

    仮想マシンのディスクイメージが信頼できない raw 形式である場合、 ディスク形式を指定するためにこのオプションを使用すべきです。 これにより、悪意のある仮想マシンにより起こり得る セキュリティ問題を回避できます (CVE-2010-3851)。

--key SELECTOR
    Specify a key for LUKS, to automatically open a LUKS device when using the inspection.

    --key NAME:key:KEY_STRING
    --key UUID:key:KEY_STRING
    --key all:key:KEY_STRING
        "NAME" is the libguestfs device name (eg. "/dev/sda1"). "UUID" is the device UUID. "all" means try the key against any encrypted device.

        Use the specified "KEY_STRING" as passphrase.

    --key NAME:file:FILENAME
    --key UUID:file:FILENAME
    --key all:file:FILENAME
        Read the passphrase from FILENAME.

    --key NAME:clevis
    --key UUID:clevis
    --key all:clevis
        Attempt passphrase-less unlocking for the device with Clevis, over the network. Please refer to "ENCRYPTED DISKS" in guestfs(3) for more information on network-bound disk encryption (NBDE).

        Note that if any such option is present on the command line, QEMU user networking will be automatically enabled for the libguestfs appliance.

--keys-from-stdin
    Read key or passphrase parameters from stdin. The default is to try to read passphrases from the user by opening /dev/tty.

    If there are multiple encrypted devices then you may need to supply multiple keys on stdin, one per line.

--list-operations
    virt-sysprep プログラムによりサポートされる操作を一覧表示します。

    These are listed one per line, with one or more single-space-separated fields, eg:

     $ virt-sysprep --list-operations
     bash-history * Remove the bash history in the guest
     cron-spool * Remove user at-jobs and cron-jobs
     dhcp-client-state * Remove DHCP client leases
     dhcp-server-state * Remove DHCP server leases
     [etc]

    The first field is the operation name, which can be supplied to --enable. The second field is a "*" character if the operation is enabled by default or blank if not. Subsequent fields on the same line are the description of the operation.

    Before libguestfs 1.17.33 only the first (operation name) field was shown and all operations were enabled by default.

--mount-options mp:opts[;mp:opts;...]
    Set the mount options used when libguestfs opens the disk image. Note this has no effect on the guest. It is used when opening certain guests such as ones using the UFS (BSD) filesystem.

    Use a semicolon-separated list of "mountpoint:options" pairs. You may need to quote this list to protect it from the shell.

    例:

     --mount-options "/:noatime"

    これはルートディレクトリを "notime" でマウントします。 この例:

     --mount-options "/:noatime;/var:rw,nodiratime"

    will do the same, plus mount /var with "rw,nodiratime".

-q
--quiet
    Don’t print log messages.

    To enable detailed logging of individual file operations, use -x.

--network
--no-network
    Enable or disable network access from the guest during the installation.

    In virt-sysprep, the network is disabled by default. You must use --network to enable it, in order that options such as --install or --update will work.

    virt-builder(1) has more information about the security advantages of disabling the network.

-v
--verbose
    デバッグ用の冗長なメッセージを有効にします。

-V
--version
    バージョン番号を表示して、終了します。

--wrap
    Wrap error, warning, and informative messages. This is the default when the output is a tty. If the output of the program is redirected to a file, wrapping is disabled unless you use this option.

-x  libguestfs API 呼び出しのトレースを有効にします。

--append-line FILE:LINE (see "customize" below)
    Append a single line of text to the "FILE". If the file does not already end with a newline, then one is added before the appended line. Also a newline is added to the end of the "LINE" string automatically.

    For example (assuming ordinary shell quoting) this command:

     --append-line '/etc/hosts:10.0.0.1 foo'

    will add either "10.0.0.1 foo⏎" or "⏎10.0.0.1 foo⏎" to the file, the latter only if the existing file does not already end with a newline.

    "⏎" represents a newline character, which is guessed by looking at the existing content of the file, so this command does the right thing for files using Unix or Windows line endings. It also works for empty or non-existent files.

    To insert several lines, use the same option several times:

     --append-line '/etc/hosts:10.0.0.1 foo'
     --append-line '/etc/hosts:10.0.0.2 bar'

    To insert a blank line before the appended line, do:

     --append-line '/etc/hosts:'
     --append-line '/etc/hosts:10.0.0.1 foo'

--chmod PERMISSIONS:FILE (see "customize" below)
    Change the permissions of "FILE" to "PERMISSIONS".

    Note: "PERMISSIONS" by default would be decimal, unless you prefix it with 0 to get octal, ie. use 0700 not 700.

--chown UID:GID:PATH (see "customize" below)
    Change the owner user and group ID of a file or directory in the guest. Note:

    •   Only numeric UIDs and GIDs will work, and these may not be the same inside the guest as on the host.

    •   This will not work with Windows guests.

    例:

     virt-customize --chown '0:0:/var/log/audit.log'

    See also: --upload.

--commands-from-file FILENAME (see "customize" below)
    Read the customize commands from a file, one (and its arguments) each line.

    Each line contains a single customization command and its arguments, for example:

     delete /some/file
     install some-package
     password some-user:password:its-new-password

    Empty lines are ignored, and lines starting with "#" are comments and are ignored as well. Furthermore, arguments can be spread across multiple lines, by adding a "\" (continuation character) at the of a line, for example

     edit /some/file:\
       s/^OPT=.*/OPT=ok/

    The commands are handled in the same order as they are in the file, as if they were specified as --delete /some/file on the command line.

--copy SOURCE:DEST (see "customize" below)
    Copy files or directories recursively inside the guest.

    Wildcards cannot be used.

--copy-in LOCALPATH:REMOTEDIR (see "customize" below)
    Copy local files or directories recursively into the disk image, placing them in the directory "REMOTEDIR" (which must exist).

    Wildcards cannot be used.

--delete PATH (see "customize" below)
    Delete a file from the guest. Or delete a directory (and all its contents, recursively).

    You can use shell glob characters in the specified path. Be careful to escape glob characters from the host shell, if that is required. For example:

     virt-customize --delete '/var/log/*.log'.

    See also: --upload, --scrub.

--edit FILE:EXPR (see "customize" below)
    Edit "FILE" using the Perl expression "EXPR".

    表現がシェルにより変更されるのを防ぐために、適切に引用符でくくるよう注意してください。

    このオプションは Perl 5 がインストールされているときのみ利用可能であることに注意してください。

    See "NON-INTERACTIVE EDITING" in virt-edit(1).

--firstboot SCRIPT (see "customize" below)
    Install "SCRIPT" inside the guest, so that when the guest first boots up, the script runs (as root, late in the boot process).

    The script is automatically chmod +x after installation in the guest.

    The alternative version --firstboot-command is the same, but it conveniently wraps the command up in a single line script for you.

    You can have multiple --firstboot options. They run in the same order that they appear on the command line.

    Please take a look at "FIRST BOOT SCRIPTS" in virt-builder(1) for more information and caveats about the first boot scripts.

    See also --run.

--firstboot-command 'CMD+ARGS' (see "customize" below)
    Run command (and arguments) inside the guest when the guest first boots up (as root, late in the boot process).

    You can have multiple --firstboot options. They run in the same order that they appear on the command line.

    Please take a look at "FIRST BOOT SCRIPTS" in virt-builder(1) for more information and caveats about the first boot scripts.

    See also --run.

--firstboot-install PKG,PKG..  (see "customize" below)
    Install the named packages (a comma-separated list). These are installed when the guest first boots using the guest’s package manager (eg. apt, yum, etc.) and the guest’s network connection.

    For an overview on the different ways to install packages, see "INSTALLING PACKAGES" in virt-builder(1).

--hostname HOSTNAME (see "customize" below)
    Set the hostname of the guest to "HOSTNAME". You can use a dotted hostname.domainname (FQDN) if you want.

--inject-qemu-ga METHOD (see "customize" below)
    Inject the QEMU Guest Agent into a Windows guest. The guest agent communicates with qemu through a socket in order to provide enhanced features (see qemu-ga(8)). This operation also injects a firstboot script so that the Guest Agent is installed when the guest boots.

    The parameter is the same as used by the --inject-virtio-win operation.

    Note that to do a full conversion of a Windows guest from a foreign hypervisor like VMware (which involves many other operations) you should use the virt-v2v(1) tool instead of this.

--inject-virtio-win METHOD (see "customize" below)
    Inject virtio-win drivers into a Windows guest. These drivers add virtio accelerated drivers suitable when running on top of a hypervisor that supports virtio (such as qemu/KVM). The operation also adjusts the Windows Registry so that the drivers are installed when the guest boots.

    The parameter can be one of:

    ISO The path to the ISO image containing the virtio-win drivers (eg. /usr/share/virtio-win/virtio-win.iso).

    DIR The directory containing the unpacked virtio-win drivers (eg. /usr/share/virtio-win).

    "osinfo"
        The literal string "osinfo" means to use the libosinfo database to locate the drivers. (See osinfo-query(1).

    Note that to do a full conversion of a Windows guest from a foreign hypervisor like VMware (which involves many other operations) you should use the virt-v2v(1) tool instead of this.

--install PKG,PKG..  (see "customize" below)
    Install the named packages (a comma-separated list). These are installed during the image build using the guest’s package manager (eg. apt, yum, etc.) and the host’s network connection.

    For an overview on the different ways to install packages, see "INSTALLING PACKAGES" in virt-builder(1).

    See also --update, --uninstall.

--keep-user-accounts USERS (see "user-account" below)
    The user accounts to be kept in the guest. The value of this option is a list of user names separated by comma, where specifying an user means it is going to be kept. For example:

     --keep-user-accounts mary

    would keep the user account "mary".

    This option can be specified multiple times.

--link TARGET:LINK[:LINK..] (see "customize" below)
    Create symbolic link(s) in the guest, starting at "LINK" and pointing at "TARGET".

--mkdir DIR (see "customize" below)
    Create a directory in the guest.

    This uses "mkdir -p" so any intermediate directories are created, and it also works if the directory already exists.

--move SOURCE:DEST (see "customize" below)
    Move files or directories inside the guest.

    Wildcards cannot be used.

--no-logfile (see "customize" below)
    Scrub "builder.log" (log file from build commands) from the image after building is complete. If you don't want to reveal precisely how the image was built, use this option.

    See also: "LOG FILE".

--no-selinux-relabel (see "customize" below)
    Do not attempt to correct the SELinux labels of files in the guest.

    In such guests that support SELinux, customization automatically relabels files so that they have the correct SELinux label. (The relabeling is performed immediately, but if the operation fails, customization will instead touch /.autorelabel on the image to schedule a relabel operation for the next time the image boots.) This option disables the automatic relabeling.

    The option is a no-op for guests that do not support SELinux.

--password USER:SELECTOR (see "customize" below)
    Set the password for "USER". (Note this option does not create the user account).

    See "USERS AND PASSWORDS" in virt-builder(1) for the format of the "SELECTOR" field, and also how to set up user accounts.

--password-crypto md5|sha256|sha512 (see "customize" below)
    When the virt tools change or set a password in the guest, this option sets the password encryption of that password to "md5", "sha256" or "sha512".

    "sha256" and "sha512" require glibc ≥ 2.7 (check crypt(3) inside the guest).

    "md5" will work with relatively old Linux guests (eg. RHEL 3), but is not secure against modern attacks.

    The default is "sha512" unless libguestfs detects an old guest that didn't have support for SHA-512, in which case it will use "md5". You can override libguestfs by specifying this option.

    Note this does not change the default password encryption used by the guest when you create new user accounts inside the guest. If you want to do that, then you should use the --edit option to modify "/etc/sysconfig/authconfig" (Fedora, RHEL) or "/etc/pam.d/common-password" (Debian, Ubuntu).

--remove-user-accounts USERS (see "user-account" below)
    The user accounts to be removed from the guest. The value of this option is a list of user names separated by comma, where specifying an user means it is going to be removed. For example:

     --remove-user-accounts bob,eve

    would only remove the user accounts "bob" and "eve".

    This option can be specified multiple times.

--root-password SELECTOR (see "customize" below)
    Set the root password.

    See "USERS AND PASSWORDS" in virt-builder(1) for the format of the "SELECTOR" field, and also how to set up user accounts.

    Note: In virt-builder, if you don't set --root-password then the guest is given a random root password.

--run SCRIPT (see "customize" below)
    Run the shell script (or any program) called "SCRIPT" on the disk image. The script runs virtualized inside a small appliance, chrooted into the guest filesystem.

    The script is automatically chmod +x.

    If libguestfs supports it then a limited network connection is available but it only allows outgoing network connections. You can also attach data disks (eg. ISO files) as another way to provide data (eg. software packages) to the script without needing a network connection (--attach). You can also upload data files (--upload).

    You can have multiple --run options. They run in the same order that they appear on the command line.

    See also: --firstboot, --attach, --upload.

--run-command 'CMD+ARGS' (see "customize" below)
    Run the command and arguments on the disk image. The command runs virtualized inside a small appliance, chrooted into the guest filesystem.

    If libguestfs supports it then a limited network connection is available but it only allows outgoing network connections. You can also attach data disks (eg. ISO files) as another way to provide data (eg. software packages) to the script without needing a network connection (--attach). You can also upload data files (--upload).

    You can have multiple --run-command options. They run in the same order that they appear on the command line.

    See also: --firstboot, --attach, --upload.

--script SCRIPT (see "script" below)
    Run the named "SCRIPT" (a shell script or program) against the guest. The script can be any program on the host. The script’s current directory will be the guest’s root directory.

    Note: If the script is not on the $PATH, then you must give the full absolute path to the script.

--scriptdir SCRIPTDIR (see "script" below)
    The mount point (an empty directory on the host) used when the "script" operation is enabled and one or more scripts are specified using --script parameter(s).

    Note: "SCRIPTDIR" must be an absolute path.

    If --scriptdir is not specified then a temporary mountpoint will be created.

--scrub FILE (see "customize" below)
    Scrub a file from the guest. This is like --delete except that:

    •   It scrubs the data so a guest could not recover it.

    •   It cannot delete directories, only regular files.

--selinux-relabel (see "customize" below)
    This is a compatibility option that does nothing.

--sm-attach SELECTOR (see "customize" below)
    Attach to a pool using "subscription-manager".

    See "SUBSCRIPTION-MANAGER" in virt-builder(1) for the format of the "SELECTOR" field.

--sm-credentials SELECTOR (see "customize" below)
    Set the credentials for "subscription-manager".

    See "SUBSCRIPTION-MANAGER" in virt-builder(1) for the format of the "SELECTOR" field.

--sm-register (see "customize" below)
    Register the guest using "subscription-manager".

    This requires credentials being set using --sm-credentials.

--sm-remove (see "customize" below)
    Remove all the subscriptions from the guest using "subscription-manager".

--sm-unregister (see "customize" below)
    Unregister the guest using "subscription-manager".

--ssh-inject USER[:SELECTOR] (see "customize" below)
    Inject an ssh key so the given "USER" will be able to log in over ssh without supplying a password. The "USER" must exist already in the guest.

    See "SSH KEYS" in virt-builder(1) for the format of the "SELECTOR" field.

    You can have multiple --ssh-inject options, for different users and also for more keys for each user.

--tar-in TARFILE:REMOTEDIR (see "customize" below)
    Copy local files or directories from a local tar file called "TARFILE" into the disk image, placing them in the directory "REMOTEDIR" (which must exist). Note that the tar file must be uncompressed (.tar.gz files will not work here)

--timezone TIMEZONE (see "customize" below)
    Set the default timezone of the guest to "TIMEZONE". Use a location string like "Europe/London"

--touch FILE (see "customize" below)
    This command performs a touch(1)-like operation on "FILE".

--truncate FILE (see "customize" below)
    This command truncates "FILE" to a zero-length file. The file must exist already.

--truncate-recursive PATH (see "customize" below)
    This command recursively truncates all files under "PATH" to zero-length.

--uninstall PKG,PKG..  (see "customize" below)
    Uninstall the named packages (a comma-separated list). These are removed during the image build using the guest’s package manager (eg. apt, yum, etc.). Dependent packages may also need to be uninstalled to satisfy the request.

    See also --install, --update.

--update (see "customize" below)
    Do the equivalent of "yum update", "apt-get upgrade", or whatever command is required to update the packages already installed in the template to their latest versions.

    See also --install, --uninstall.

--upload FILE:DEST (see "customize" below)
    Upload local file "FILE" to destination "DEST" in the disk image. File owner and permissions from the original are preserved, so you should set them to what you want them to be in the disk image.

    "DEST" could be the final filename. This can be used to rename the file on upload.

    If "DEST" is a directory name (which must already exist in the guest) then the file is uploaded into that directory, and it keeps the same name as on the local filesystem.

    See also: --mkdir, --delete, --scrub.

--write FILE:CONTENT (see "customize" below)
    Write "CONTENT" to "FILE".

OPERATIONS
If the --enable/--operations option is not given, then most sysprep operations are enabled.

Use "virt-sysprep --list-operations" to list all operations for your virt-sysprep binary. The ones which are enabled by default are marked with a "*" character. Regardless of the --enable/--operations options, sysprep operations are skipped for some guest types.

Operations can be individually enabled using the --enable/--operations options. Use a comma-separated list, for example:

 virt-sysprep --operations ssh-hostkeys,udev-persistent-net [etc..]

Future versions of virt-sysprep may add more operations. If you are using virt-sysprep and want predictable behaviour, specify only the operations that you want to have enabled.

"*" = enabled by default when no --enable/--operations option is given.

  abrt-data *
ABRT により生成されたクラッシュデータを削除します。

"/var/spool/abrt/" に自動的に生成された ABRT クラッシュデータを削除します。

  backup-files *
Remove editor backup files from the guest.

The following files are removed from anywhere in the guest filesystem:

·   *.bak

·   *~

On Linux and Unix operating systems, only the following filesystems will be examined:

·   /etc

·   /root

·   /srv

·   /tmp

·   /var

  bash-history *
仮想マシンにおいて bash 履歴を削除します。

ユーザー "root" および他のあらゆるユーザーのホームディレクトリーに ".bash_history" ファイルを持つユーザーの bash 履歴を削除します。

Notes on bash-history

Currently this only looks in "/root" and "/home/*" for home directories, so users with home directories in other locations won't have the bash history removed.

  blkid-tab *
ゲストにある blkid テーブルを削除します。

  ca-certificates
仮想マシンにおいて CA 証明書を削除します。

In case any certificate is removed, the system CA store is updated.

  crash-data *
kexec-tools により生成されたクラッシュデータを削除します。

自動的に生成された kdump カーネルクラッシュデータを削除します。

  cron-spool *
ユーザーの at ジョブおよび cron ジョブを削除します。

  customize *
Customize the guest.

Customize the guest by providing virt-customize(1) options for installing packages, editing files and so on.

  dhcp-client-state *
DHCP クライアントのリースを削除します。

  dhcp-server-state *
DHCP サーバーのリースを削除します。

  dovecot-data *
Dovecot (メールサーバー) のデータを削除します。

  firewall-rules
ファイアウォールルールを削除します。

This removes custom firewall rules by removing "/etc/sysconfig/iptables" or custom firewalld configuration in "/etc/firewalld/*/*".

Note this is not enabled by default since it may expose guests to exploits. Use with care.

  flag-reconfiguration
Flag the system for reconfiguration.

For Linux guests, this touches "/.unconfigured", which causes the first boot to interactively query the user for settings such as the root password and timezone.

  fs-uuids
Change filesystem UUIDs.

On guests and filesystem types where this is supported, new random UUIDs are generated and assigned to filesystems.

Notes on fs-uuids

The fs-uuids operation is disabled by default because it does not yet find and update all the places in the guest that use the UUIDs. For example "/etc/fstab" or the bootloader. Enabling this operation is more likely than not to make your guest unbootable.

参照: https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=991641

  ipa-client *
Remove the IPA files.

Remove all the files related to an IPA (Identity, Policy, Audit) system. This effectively unenrolls the guest from an IPA server without interacting with it.

This operation does not run "ipa-client".

  kerberos-data
仮想マシンにおいて Kerberos のデータを削除します。

  kerberos-hostkeytab *
Remove the Kerberos host keytab file in the guest.

  logfiles *
仮想マシンから多くのログファイルを削除します。

Linux においては以下のファイルが削除されます:

·   /etc/Pegasus/*.cnf

·   /etc/Pegasus/*.crt

·   /etc/Pegasus/*.csr

·   /etc/Pegasus/*.pem

·   /etc/Pegasus/*.srl

·   /root/anaconda-ks.cfg

·   /root/anaconda-post.log

·   /root/initial-setup-ks.cfg

·   /root/install.log

·   /root/install.log.syslog

·   /root/original-ks.cfg

·   /var/cache/fontconfig/*

·   /var/cache/gdm/*

·   /var/cache/man/*

·   /var/lib/AccountService/users/*

·   /var/lib/fprint/*

·   /var/lib/logrotate.status

·   /var/log/*.log*

·   /var/log/BackupPC/LOG

·   /var/log/ConsoleKit/*

·   /var/log/anaconda.syslog

·   /var/log/anaconda/*

·   /var/log/apache2/*_log

·   /var/log/apache2/*_log-*

·   /var/log/apt/*

·   /var/log/aptitude*

·   /var/log/audit/*

·   /var/log/btmp*

·   /var/log/ceph/*.log

·   /var/log/chrony/*.log

·   /var/log/cron*

·   /var/log/cups/*_log*

·   /var/log/debug*

·   /var/log/dmesg*

·   /var/log/exim4/*

·   /var/log/faillog*

·   /var/log/firewalld*

·   /var/log/gdm/*

·   /var/log/glusterfs/*glusterd.vol.log

·   /var/log/glusterfs/glusterfs.log

·   /var/log/grubby*

·   /var/log/httpd/*log

·   /var/log/installer/*

·   /var/log/jetty/jetty-console.log

·   /var/log/journal/*

·   /var/log/lastlog*

·   /var/log/libvirt/libvirtd.log

·   /var/log/libvirt/libxl/*.log

·   /var/log/libvirt/lxc/*.log

·   /var/log/libvirt/qemu/*.log

·   /var/log/libvirt/uml/*.log

·   /var/log/lightdm/*

·   /var/log/mail/*

·   /var/log/maillog*

·   /var/log/messages*

·   /var/log/ntp

·   /var/log/ntpstats/*

·   /var/log/ppp/connect-errors

·   /var/log/rhsm/*

·   /var/log/sa/*

·   /var/log/secure*

·   /var/log/setroubleshoot/*.log

·   /var/log/spooler*

·   /var/log/squid/*.log

·   /var/log/syslog*

·   /var/log/tallylog*

·   /var/log/tuned/tuned.log

·   /var/log/wtmp*

·   /var/log/xferlog*

·   /var/named/data/named.run

  lvm-system-devices *
Remove LVM2 system.devices file.

On Linux guests, LVM2's scanning for physical volumes (PVs) may be restricted to those block devices whose WWIDs are listed in "/etc/lvm/devices/system.devices". When cloning VMs, WWIDs may change, breaking "lvm pvscan". Remove "/etc/lvm/devices/system.devices".

  lvm-uuids *
LVM2 の PV および VG の UUID を変更します。

LVM2 物理ボリューム (PV) またはボリュームグループ (VG) を持つ Linux 仮想マシンにおいて、新しいランダムな UUID が生成され、これらの PV や VG に割り当てられます。

  machine-id *
ローカルマシン ID を削除します。

The machine ID is usually generated from a random source during system installation and stays constant for all subsequent boots. Optionally, for stateless systems it is generated during runtime at boot if it is found to be empty.

  mail-spool *
ローカルのメールスプールのディレクトリから電子メールを削除します。

  net-hostname *
Remove HOSTNAME and DHCP_HOSTNAME in network interface configuration.

Fedora および Red Hat Enterprise Linux に対して、これは "ifcfg-*" ファイルから削除されます。

  net-hwaddr *
HWADDR (ハードコードされた MAC アドレス) 設定を削除します。

Fedora および Red Hat Enterprise Linux に対して、これは "ifcfg-*" ファイルから削除されます。

  net-nmconn *
Remove system-local NetworkManager connection profiles (keyfiles).

On Fedora and Red Hat Enterprise Linux, remove the "/etc/NetworkManager/system-connections/*.nmconnection" files.

  pacct-log *
プロセス・アカウンティングのログファイルを削除します。

プロセス・アカウンティングが有効になっていると、システム全体のプロセス・アカウンティングが pacct ログファイルに保存されます。

  package-manager-cache *
パッケージマネージャーのキャッシュを削除します。

  pam-data *
ゲストにある PAM データを削除します。

  passwd-backups *
Remove /etc/passwd- and similar backup files.

Linux においては以下のファイルが削除されます:

·   /etc/group-

·   /etc/gshadow-

·   /etc/passwd-

·   /etc/shadow-

·   /etc/subgid-

·   /etc/subuid-

  puppet-data-log *
Puppet のデータおよびログファイルを削除します。

  rh-subscription-manager *
Remove the RH subscription manager files.

  rhn-systemid *
RHN システム ID を削除します。

  rpm-db *
Remove host-specific RPM database files.

Remove host-specific RPM database files and locks. RPM will recreate these files automatically if needed.

  samba-db-log *
Samba のデータベースおよびログファイルを削除します。

  script *
仮想マシンに対して任意のスクリプトを実行します。

The "script" module lets you run arbitrary shell scripts or programs against the guest.

Note this feature requires FUSE support. You may have to enable this in your host, for example by adding the current user to the "fuse" group, or by loading a kernel module.

Use one or more --script parameters to specify scripts or programs that will be run against the guest.

The script or program is run with its current directory being the guest’s root directory, so relative paths should be used. For example: "rm etc/resolv.conf" in the script would remove a Linux guest’s DNS configuration file, but "rm /etc/resolv.conf" would (try to) remove the host’s file.

Normally a temporary mount point for the guest is used, but you can choose a specific one by using the --scriptdir parameter.

Note: This is different from --firstboot scripts (which run in the context of the guest when it is booting first time). --script scripts run on the host, not in the guest.

  smolt-uuid *
Smolt ハードウェア UUID を削除します。

  ssh-hostkeys *
仮想マシンの SSH ホストキーを削除します。

仮想マシンの次回起動時に（異なる） SSH ホストキーが再生成されます。

クローン後、仮想マシンが同じ IP アドレスを取得すると、ホストキーが変更されたという警告が ssh により表示されます:

 @@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@
 @    WARNING: REMOTE HOST IDENTIFICATION HAS CHANGED!     @
 @@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@
 IT IS POSSIBLE THAT SOMEONE IS DOING SOMETHING NASTY!

  ssh-userdir *
仮想マシンにある ".ssh" ディレクトリーを削除します。

ユーザー "root" 、およびホームディレクトリーに ".ssh" ディレクトリーがある他のすべてのユーザーの、".ssh" ディレクトリーを削除します。

Notes on ssh-userdir

Currently this only looks in "/root" and "/home/*" for home directories, so users with home directories in other locations won't have the ssh files removed.

  sssd-db-log *
SSSD のデータベースとログファイルを削除します。

  tmp-files *
一時ファイルを削除します。

これは "/tmp" と "/var/tmp" の中にある一時ファイルを削除します。

  udev-persistent-net *
udev persistent net ルールを削除します。

Remove udev persistent net rules which map the guest’s existing MAC address to a fixed ethernet device (eg. eth0).

仮想マシンをクローンした後、通常 MAC アドレスは変わります。古い MAC アドレスは古い名前（たとえば eth0）を占有するため、このことは新しい MAC アドレスが新しい名前（たとえば eth1）に割り当てられることを意味します。それは、一般的に好ましくありません。 udev の永続的な net ルールを削除することにより、これを避けます。

  user-account
仮想マシンにあるユーザーアカウントを削除します。

By default remove all the user accounts and their home directories. The "root" account is not removed.

See the --remove-user-accounts parameter for a way to specify how to remove only some users, or to not remove some others.

  utmp *
utmp ファイルを削除します。

This file records who is currently logged in on a machine. In modern Linux distros it is stored in a ramdisk and hence not part of the virtual machine’s disk, but it was stored on disk in older distros.

  yum-uuid *
yum UUID を削除します。

yum は元々の UUID が削除されたことを通知するとき、次の実行時に新しい UUID を作成します。

コピー方法およびクローン方法
virt-sysprep は仮想マシンをクローンするプロセスの一部として使用できます。もしくは、クローンされた仮想マシンからテンプレートを準備するために使用できます。仮想化ツールを使用してこれを実現する他の方法がいろいろとあります。このセクションは単に概要を説明します。

仮想マシン（停止状態の場合）は 2 つの部分からなります:

configuration
    仮想マシンの設定または説明。 例: libvirt XML ("virsh dumpxml" 参照) 、仮想マシンの実行中の設定、または OVF のような他の外部形式。

    いくつかの設定項目は変更する必要があるかもしれません:

    •   名前

    •   UUID

    •   ブロックデバイスへのパス

    •   ネットワークカードの MAC アドレス

ブロックデバイス
    One or more hard disk images, themselves containing files, directories, applications, kernels, configuration, etc.

    Some things inside the block devices that might need to be changed:

    •   ホスト名および他のネットワーク設定

    •   UUID

    •   SSH ホストキー

    •   Windows の一意なセキュリティ ID (SID)

    •   Puppet の登録

  ブロックデバイスのコピー法
Starting with an original guest, you probably wish to copy the guest block device and its configuration to make a template. Then once you are happy with the template, you will want to make many clones from it.

                        virt-sysprep
                             |
                             v
 元のゲスト --------> テンプレート ---------->
                                      \------> クローン
                                       \-----> 済みゲスト
                                        \---->

もちろん、ホストにおいて cp(1) または dd(1) を使用してブロックデバイスをコピーできます。

               dd                      dd
 元のゲスト --------> テンプレート ---------->
                                      \------> クローン
                                       \-----> 済みゲスト
                                        \---->

よりスマート（かつ高速）な方法もあります:

                          snapshot
            テンプレート ---------->
                            \------> クローン
                             \-----> 済みゲスト
                              \---->

You may want to run virt-sysprep twice, once to reset the guest (to make a template) and a second time to customize the guest for a specific user:

                    virt-sysprep        virt-sysprep
                     (リセット)   (ユーザー、キー、ロゴの追加)
                         |                   |
                 dd      v          dd       v
 元の仮想マシン ----> テンプレート ----> コピー済み ------> カスタム
                                        テンプレート       仮想マシン

•   Create a snapshot using qemu-img:

     qemu-img create -f qcow2 -o backing_file=original snapshot.qcow

    The advantage is that you don’t need to copy the original (very fast) and only changes are stored (less storage required).

    Note that writing to the backing file once you have created guests on top of it is not possible: you will corrupt the guests.

•   "lvcreate --snapshot" を使用してスナップショットを作成します。

•   Other ways to create snapshots include using filesystems-level tools (for filesystems such as btrfs).

    Most Network Attached Storage (NAS) devices can also create cheap snapshots from files or LUNs.

•   Get your NAS to duplicate the LUN. Most NAS devices can also duplicate LUNs very cheaply (they copy them on-demand in the background).

•   virt-sparsify(1) を使用してテンプレートを準備します。以下を参照してください。

  virt-clone
A separate tool, virt-clone(1), can be used to duplicate the block device and/or modify the external libvirt configuration of a guest. It will reset the name, UUID and MAC address of the guest in the libvirt XML.

virt-clone(1) does not use libguestfs and cannot look inside the disk image. This was the original motivation to write virt-sysprep.

  スパース化
          virt-sparsify
 元のゲスト --------> テンプレート

virt-sparsify(1) can be used to make the cloning template smaller, making it easier to compress and/or faster to copy.

Notice that since virt-sparsify also copies the image, you can use it to make the initial copy (instead of "dd").

  容量変更
                         virt-resize
            テンプレート ---------->
                            \------> クローン
                             \-----> 済みゲスト
                              \---->

If you want to give people cloned guests, but let them pick the size of the guest themselves (eg. depending on how much they are prepared to pay for disk space), then instead of copying the template, you can run virt-resize(1). Virt-resize performs a copy and resize, and thus is ideal for cloning guests from a template.

FIRSTBOOT VS SCRIPT
The two options --firstboot and --script both supply shell scripts that are run against the guest. However these two options are significantly different.

--firstboot script uploads the file "script" into the guest and arranges that it will run, in the guest, when the guest is next booted. (The script will only run once, at the "first boot").

--script script runs the shell "script" on the host, with its current directory inside the guest filesystem.

If you needed, for example, to "yum install" new packages, then you must not use --script for this, since that would (a) run the "yum" command on the host and (b) wouldn't have access to the same resources (repositories, keys, etc.) as the guest. Any command that needs to run on the guest must be run via --firstboot.

On the other hand if you need to make adjustments to the guest filesystem (eg. copying in files), then --script is ideal since (a) it has access to the host filesystem and (b) you will get immediate feedback on errors.

Either or both options can be used multiple times on the command line.

セキュリティ
Virtual machines that employ full disk encryption internally to the guest should not be considered for cloning and distribution, as it provides multiple parties with the same internal volume key, enabling any one such party to decrypt all the other clones. Refer to the LUKS FAQ for details.

Although virt-sysprep removes some sensitive information from the guest, it does not pretend to remove all of it. You should examine the "OPERATIONS" above and the guest afterwards.

Sensitive files are simply removed. The data they contained may still exist on the disk, easily recovered with a hex editor or undelete tool. The --scrub option can be used to scrub files instead of just deleting them. virt-sparsify(1) is another way to remove this content. See also the scrub(1) command to get rid of deleted content in directory entries and inodes.

  乱数の種
(このセクションは Linux 仮想マシンのみに適用します)

For supported guests, virt-sysprep writes a few bytes of randomness from the host into the guest’s random seed file.

If this is just done once and the guest is cloned from the same template, then each guest will start with the same entropy, and things like SSH host keys and TCP sequence numbers may be predictable.

Therefore you should arrange to add more randomness after cloning from a template too, which can be done by enabling just the customize module:

 cp template.img newguest.img
 virt-sysprep --enable customize -a newguest.img

SELinux
For guests which make use of SELinux, special handling for them might be needed when using operations which create new files or alter existing ones.

For further details, see "SELINUX" in virt-builder(1).

WINDOWS 8
Windows 8 "fast startup" can prevent virt-sysprep from working. See "WINDOWS HIBERNATION AND WINDOWS 8 FAST STARTUP" in guestfs(3).

終了ステータス
このプログラムは、成功すると 0 を返します。または、エラーが起きると 1 を返します。

環境変数

"VIRT_TOOLS_DATA_DIR"
    This can point to the directory containing data files used for Windows firstboot installation.

    Normally you do not need to set this. If not set, a compiled-in default will be used (something like /usr/share/virt-tools).

    This directory may contain the following files:

    rhsrvany.exe
        This is the RHSrvAny Windows binary, used to install a "firstboot" script in Windows guests. It is required if you intend to use the --firstboot or --firstboot-command options with Windows guests.

        See also: "https://github.com/rwmjones/rhsrvany"

    pvvxsvc.exe
        This is a Windows binary shipped with SUSE VMDP, used to install a "firstboot" script in Windows guests. It is required if you intend to use the --firstboot or --firstboot-command options with Windows guests.

他の環境変数は "環境変数" in guestfs(3) を参照してください。

関連項目
guestfs(3), guestfish(1), virt-builder(1), virt-clone(1), virt-customize(1), virt-rescue(1), virt-resize(1), virt-sparsify(1), virsh(1), lvcreate(8), qemu-img(1), scrub(1), http://libguestfs.org/, http://libvirt.org/.

著者
Richard W.M. Jones http://people.redhat.com/~rjones/

Wanlong Gao, Fujitsu Ltd.

COPYRIGHT
Copyright (C) 2011-2023 Red Hat Inc.

Copyright (C) 2012 Fujitsu Ltd.

LICENSE
This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.

This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License for more details.

You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA.

BUGS
To get a list of bugs against libguestfs, use this link: https://bugzilla.redhat.com/buglist.cgi?component=libguestfs&product=Virtualization+Tools

To report a new bug against libguestfs, use this link: https://bugzilla.redhat.com/enter_bug.cgi?component=libguestfs&product=Virtualization+Tools

When reporting a bug, please supply:

•   The version of libguestfs.

•   Where you got libguestfs (eg. which Linux distro, compiled from source, etc)

•   Describe the bug accurately and give a way to reproduce it.

•   Run libguestfs-test-tool(1) and paste the complete, unedited output into the bug report.