cloc(1)

NAME
cloc - Count, or compute differences of, lines of source code and comments.

SYNOPSIS
  cloc [options] <FILE|DIR> ...

DESCRIPTION
Count, or compute differences of, physical lines of source code in the given files (may be archives such as compressed tarballs or zip files, or git commit hashes or branch names) and/or recursively below the given directories. It is written entirely in Perl, using only modules from the standard distribution.

OPTIONS

  Input Options
To count standard input, use the special filename - and either --stdin-name=FILE to tell cloc the name of the file being piped in, or --force-lang=LANG to apply the LANG counter to all input.

--extract-with=CMD
    This option is only needed if cloc is unable to figure out how to extract the contents of the input file(s) by itself. Use CMD to extract binary archive files (e.g.: .tar.gz, .zip, .Z). Use the literal '>FILE<' as a stand-in for the actual file(s) to be extracted. For example, to count lines of code in the input files gcc-4.2.tar.gz perl-5.8.8.tar.gz on Unix use:

        --extract-with='gzip -dc >FILE< | tar xf -

    or, if you have GNU tar:

        --extract-with='tar zxf >FILE<'

    and on Windows, use, for example:

        --extract-with="\"c:\Program Files\WinZip\WinZip32.exe\" -e -o >FILE<

--list-file=FILE
    Take the list of file and/or directory names to process from FILE, which has one file/directory name per line. Only exact matches are counted; relative path names will be resolved starting from the directory where cloc is invoked. Set FILE to - to read file names from a STDIN pipe. See also --exclude-list-file, --config.

--diff-list-file=FILE
    Take the pairs of file names to be diff'ed from FILE, whose format matches the output of --diff-alignment. (Run with that option to see a sample.) The language identifier at the end of each line is ignored. This enables --diff mode and by-passes file pair alignment logic. See also --config.

--vcs=VCS
    Invoke a system call to VCS to obtain a list of files to work on. If VCS is 'git', then will invoke 'git ls-files' to get a file list and 'git submodule status' to get a list of submodules whose contents will be ignored. See also --git which accepts git commit hashes and branch names. If VCS is 'svn' then will invoke 'svn list -R'. The primary benefit is that cloc will then skip files explicitly excluded by the versioning tool in question, ie, those in .gitignore or have the svn:ignore property. Alternatively VCS may be any system command that generates a list of files. Note: cloc must be in a directory which can read the files as they are returned by VCS. cloc will not download files from remote repositories. 'svn list -R' may refer to a remote repository to obtain file names (and therefore may require authentication to the remote repository), but the files themselves must be local. Setting VCS to 'auto' selects between 'git' and 'svn' (or neither) depending on the presence of a .git or .svn subdirectory below the directory where cloc is invoked.

--unicode
    Check binary files to see if they contain Unicode expanded ASCII text. This causes performance to drop noticeably.

  Processing Options

--autoconf
    Count .in files (as processed by GNU autoconf) of recognized languages. See also --no-autogen.

--by-file
    Report results for every source file encountered.

--by-file-by-lang
    Report results for every source file encountered in addition to reporting by language.

--config FILE
    Read command line switches from FILE instead of the default location of ~/.config/cloc/options.txt. The file should contain one switch, along with arguments (if any), per line. Blank lines and lines beginning with '#' are skipped. Options given on the command line take priority over entries read from the file. If a directory is also given with any of these switches: --list-file, --exclude-list-file, --read-lang-def, --force-lang-def, --diff-list-file and a config file exists in that directory, it will take priority over ~/.config/cloc/options.txt.

--count-and-diff SET1 SET2
    First perform direct code counts of source file(s) of SET1 and SET2 separately, then perform a diff of these. Inputs may be pairs of files, directories, or archives. If --out or --report-file is given, three output files will be created, one for each of the two counts and one for the diff. See also --diff, --diff-alignment, --diff-timeout, --ignore-case, --ignore-whitespace.

--diff SET1 SET2
    Compute differences in code and comments between source file(s) of SET1 and SET2. The inputs may be pairs of files, directories, or archives. Use --diff-alignment to generate a list showing which file pairs where compared. See also --count-and-diff, --diff-alignment, --diff-timeout, --ignore-case, --ignore-whitespace.

--diff-timeout N
    Ignore files which take more than N seconds to process. Default is 10 seconds. Setting N to 0 allows unlimited time. (Large files with many repeated lines can cause Algorithm::Diff::sdiff() to take hours.)

--docstring-as-code
    cloc considers docstrings to be comments, but this is not always correct as docstrings represent regular strings when they appear on the right hand side of an assignment or as function arguments. This switch forces docstrings to be counted as code.

--follow-links
    [Unix only] Follow symbolic links to directories (sym links to files are always followed).

--force-lang=LANG[,EXT]
    Process all files that have a EXT extension with the counter for language LANG. For example, to count all .f files with the Fortran 90 counter (which expects files to end with .f90) instead of the default Fortran 77 counter, use:

            --force-lang="Fortran 90",f

    If EXT is omitted, every file will be counted with the LANG counter. This option can be specified multiple times (but that is only useful when EXT is given each time). See also --script-lang, --lang-no-ext.

--force-lang-def=FILE
    Load language processing filters from FILE, then use these filters instead of the built-in filters. Note: languages which map to the same file extension (for example: MATLAB/Objective-C/MUMPS; Pascal/PHP; Lisp/OpenCL; Lisp/Julia; Perl/Prolog) will be ignored as these require additional processing that is not expressed in language definition files. Use --read-lang-def to define new language filters without replacing built-in filters (see also --write-lang-def, --write-lang-def-incl-dup).

--git
    Forces the inputs to be interpreted as git targets (commit hashes, branch names, et cetera) if these are not first identified as file or directory names. This option overrides the --vcs=git logic if this is given; in other words, --git gets its list of files to work on directly from git using the hash or branch name rather than from 'git ls-files'. This option can be used with --diff to perform line count diffs between git commits, or between a git commit and a file, directory, or archive. Use -v/--verbose to see the git system commands cloc issues.

--git-diff-rel
    Same as --git --diff, or just --diff if the inputs are recognized as git targets. Only files which have changed in either commit are compared.

--git-diff-all
    Git diff strategy #2: compare all files in the repository between the two commits.

--ignore-whitespace
    Ignore horizontal white space when comparing files with --diff. See also --ignore-case.

--ignore-case
    Ignore changes in case within file contents; consider upper- and lowercase letters equivalent when comparing files with --diff. See also --ignore-whitespace.

--ignore-case-ext
    Ignore case of file name extensions. This will cause problems counting some languages (specifically, .c and .C are associated with C and C++; this switch would count .C files as C rather than C++ on *nix operating systems). File name case insensitivity is always true on Windows.

--lang-no-ext=LANG
    Count files without extensions using the LANG counter. This option overrides internal logic for files without extensions (where such files are checked against known scripting languages by examining the first line for "#!"). See also --force-lang, --script-lang.

--max-file-size=MB
    Skip files larger than "MB" megabytes when traversing directories. By default, "MB"=100. cloc's memory requirement is roughly twenty times larger than the largest file so running with files larger than 100 MB on a computer with less than 2 GB of memory will cause problems. Note: this check does not apply to files explicitly passed as command line arguments.

--no-autogen[=list]
    Ignore files generated by code-production systems such as GNU autoconf. To see a list of these files (then exit), run with --no-autogen list See also --autoconf.

--no-recurse
    Count files in the given directories without recursively descending below them.

--only-count-files
    Only count files by language. Blank, comment, and code counts will be zero.

--original-dir
    Only effective in combination with --strip-comments. Write the stripped files to the same directory as the original files.

--read-binary-files
    Process binary files in addition to text files. This is usually a bad idea and should only be attempted with text files that have embedded binary data.

--read-lang-def=FILE
    Load new language processing filters from FILE and merge them with those already known to cloc. If FILE defines a language cloc already knows about, cloc's definition will take precedence. Use --force-lang-def to over-ride cloc's definitions. (see also --write-lang-def).

--script-lang=LANG,S
    Process all files that invoke "S" as a "#!" scripting language with the counter for language LANG. For example, files that begin with "#!/usr/local/bin/perl5.8.8" will be counted with the Perl counter by using

            --script-lang=Perl,perl5.8.8

    The language name is case insensitive but the name of the script language executable, "S", must have the right case. This option can be specified multiple times. See also --force-lang.

--sdir=DIR
    Use DIR as the scratch directory instead of letting File::Temp chose the location. Files written to this location are not removed at the end of the run (as they are with File::Temp).

--skip-leading=N[,ext]
     Skip the first <N> lines of each file.  If a
    comma separated list of extensions is also given,
    only skip lines from those file types.  Example:

            --skip-leading=10,cpp,h

    will skip the first ten lines of *.cpp and *.h files. This is useful for ignoring boilerplate text.

--skip-uniqueness
    Skip the file uniqueness check. This will give a performance boost at the expense of counting files with identical contents multiple times (if such duplicates exist).

--stat
    Some file systems (AFS, CD-ROM, FAT, HPFS, SMB) do not have directory 'nlink' counts that match the number of its subdirectories. Consequently cloc may undercount or completely skip the contents of such file systems. This switch forces File::Find to stat directories to obtain the correct count. File search speed will decrease. See also --follow-links.

--stdin-name=FILE
    Count lines streamed via STDIN as if they came from a file named FILE.

--strip-code=EXT
    For each file processed, write to the current directory a version of the file which has blank and code lines removed. The name of each stripped file is the original file name with ".EXT" appended to it. It is written to the current directory unless --original-dir is on.

--strip-comments=EXT
    For each file processed, write to the current directory a version of the file which has blank and commented lines removed (in-line comments persist). The name of each stripped file is the original file name with ".EXT" appended to it. It is written to the current directory unless --original-dir is on.

--strip-str-comments
    Replace comment markers embedded in strings with 'xx'. This attempts to work around a limitation in Regexp::Common::Comment where comment markers embedded in strings are seen as actual comment markers and not strings, often resulting in a 'Complex regular subexpression recursion limit' warning and incorrect counts. There are two disadvantages to using this switch: 1/code count performance drops, and 2/code generated with --strip-comments will contain different strings where ever embedded comments are found.

--sum-reports
    Input arguments are report files previously created with the --report-file option. Makes a cumulative set of results containing the sum of data from the individual report files.

--timeout=N
    Ignore files which take more than <N> seconds to process at any of the language's filter stages. The default maximum number of seconds spent on a filter stage is the number of lines in the file divided by one thousand. Setting N to 0 allows unlimited time. See also --diff-timeout.

--processes=NUM
    [Available only on systems with a recent version of the Parallel::ForkManager module. Not available on Windows.] Sets the maximum number of cores that cloc uses. The default value of 0 disables multiprocessing.

--unix
    Over-ride the operating system detection logic and run in UNIX mode. See also --windows, --show-os.

--use-sloccount
    If SLOCCount is installed, use its compiled executables c_count, java_count, pascal_count, php_count, and xml_count instead of cloc's counters. SLOCCount's compiled counters are substantially faster than cloc's and may give a performance improvement when counting projects with large files. However, these cloc-specific features will not be available: --diff, --count-and-diff, --strip-comments, --unicode.

--windows
    Over-ride the operating system detection logic and run in Microsoft Windows mode. See also --unix, --show-os.

  Filter Options

--include-content=REGEX
    Only count files containing text that matches the given regular expression.

--exclude-content=REGEX
    Exclude files containing text that matches the given regular expression.

--exclude-dir=DIR1[,DIR2 ...]
    Exclude the given comma separated directories from being scanned. For example:

            --exclude-dir=.cache,test

    will skip all files that match "/.cache/" or "/test/" as part of their path. Directories named ".bzr", ".cvs", ".hg", ".git", and ".svn" are always excluded. This option only works with individual directory names so including file path separators is not allowed. Use --fullpath and --not-match-d=REGEX to supply a regex matching multiple subdirectories.

--exclude-ext=EXT1[,EXT2 ...]
    Do not count files having the given file name extensions.

--exclude-lang=L1[,L2[...]]
    Exclude the given comma separated languages from being counted.

--exclude-list-file=FILE
    Ignore files and/or directories whose names appear in FILE. FILE should have one file name per line. Only exact matches are ignored; relative path names will be resolved starting from the directory where cloc is invoked. See also --list-file, --config.

--fullpath
    Modifies the behavior of --match-f or --not-match-f to include the file's path in the regex, not just the file's basename. (This does not expand each file to include its absolute path, instead it uses as much of the path as is passed in to cloc.)

--include-ext=<ext1[,ext2[...]]>
    Count only languages having the given comma separated file extensions. Use --show-ext to see the recognized extensions.

--include-lang=L1[,L2 ...]
    Count only the given comma separated, case-insensitive languages L1, L2, L3, et cetera.

--match-d=REGEX
    Only count files in directories matching the Perl regex. For example

         --match-d='/(src|include)/'

    only counts files in directory paths containing "/src/" or "/include/".

--not-match-d=REGEX
    Count all files except in directories matching the Perl regex. Only the trailing directory name is compared, for example, when counting in "/usr/local/lib", only "lib" is compared to the regex. Add --fullpath to compare parent directories to the regex. Do not include file path separators at the beginning or end of the regex. This switch may be repeated.

--match-f=REGEX
    Only count files whose basenames match the Perl regex. For example this only counts files at start with Widget or widget:

         --match-f='^[Ww]idget'

    Add --fullpath to include parent directories in the regex instead of just the basename.

--not-match-f=REGEX
    Count all files except those whose basenames match the Perl regex. Add --fullpath to include parent directories in the regex instead of just the basename. This switch may be repeated.

--skip-archive=REGEX
    Ignore files that end with the given Perl regular expression. For example, if given

            --skip-archive='(zip|tar(\.(gz|Z|bz2|xz|7z))?)'

    the code will skip files that end with .zip, .tar, .tar.gz, .tar.Z, .tar.bz2, .tar.xz, and .tar.7z.

--skip-win-hidden
    On Windows, ignore hidden files.

  Debug Options

--categorized=FILE
    Save file sizes in bytes, identified languages and names of categorized files to FILE.

--counted=FILE
    Save names of processed source files to FILE.

--diff-alignment=FILE
    Write to FILE a list of files and file pairs showing which files were added, removed, and/or compared during a run with --diff. This switch forces the --diff mode on.

--explain=LANG
    Print the filters used to remove comments for language LANG and exit. In some cases the filters refer to Perl subroutines rather than regular expressions. An examination of the source code may be needed for further explanation.

--help
    Print cloc's internal usage information and exit.

--found=FILE
    Save names of every file found to FILE.

--ignored=FILE
    Save names of ignored files and the reason they were ignored to FILE.

--print-filter-stages
    Print to STDOUT processed source code before and after each filter is applied.

--show-ext[=EXT]
    Print information about all known (or just the given) file extensions and exit.

--show-lang[=LANG]
    Print information about all known (or just the given) languages and exit.

--show-os
    Print the value of the operating system mode and exit. See also --unix, --windows.

-v[=N]
    Turn on verbose with optional numeric value.

--verbose[=N]
    Long form of -v.

--version
    Print the version of this program and exit.

--write-lang-def=FILE
    Writes to FILE the language processing filters then exits. Useful as a first step to creating custom language definitions. Note: languages which map to the same file extension will be excluded. See also --force-lang-def, --read-lang-def.

--write-lang-def-incl-dup=FILE
    Same as --write-lang-def, but includes duplicated extensions. This generates a problematic language definition file because cloc will refuse to use it until duplicates are removed.

  Output Options

--3 Print third-generation language output. (This option can cause report summation to fail if some reports were produced with this option while others were produced without it.)

--by-percent X
    Instead of comment and blank line counts, show these values as percentages based on the value of X in the denominator, where X is one of
        c meaning lines of code
        cm meaning lines of code + comments
        cb meaning lines of code + blanks
        cmb meaning lines of code + comments + blanks

    For example, if using method 'c' and your code has twice as many lines of comments as lines of code, the value in the comment column will be 200%. The code column remains a line count.

--csv
    Write the results as comma separated values.

--csv-delimiter=C
    Use the character C as the delimiter for comma separated files instead of ,. This switch forces --csv to be on.

--file-encoding=E
    Write output files using the E encoding instead of the default ASCII (E = 'UTF-7'). Examples: 'UTF-16', 'euc-kr', 'iso-8859-16'. Known encodings can be printed with
      perl -MEncode -e 'print join("\n", Encode->encodings(":all")), "\n"'

--fmt=N
    Alternate text output format where N is a number from 1 to 5, or -1 to -5. 'total lines' means the sum of code, comment, and blank lines. Negative values are the same as the positive values but retain, instead of deleting, the intermediate JSON file that is written. The JSON file name is randomly generated unless --out/--report-file is given. The formats are:
      1: by language (same as cloc default output)
      2: by language with an extra column for total lines
      3: by file with language
      4: by file with a total lines column
      5: by file with language and a total lines column

--hide-rate
    Do not show line and file processing rates in the output header. This makes output deterministic.

--json
    Write the results in JavaScript Object Notation (JSON).

--md
    Write the results as Markdown-formatted text.

--out=FILE
    Synonym for --report-file=FILE.

--progress-rate=N
    Show progress update after every N files are processed (default N=100). Set N to 0 to suppress progress output; useful when redirecting output to STDOUT.

--quiet
    Suppress all information messages except for the final report.

--report-file=FILE
    Write the results to FILE instead of standard output.

--summary-cutoff=X:N
    Aggregate to 'Other' results having X lines below N where X is one of
        c meaning lines of code
        f meaning files
        m meaning lines of comments
        cm meaning lines of code + comments Appending a percent sign to N changes the calculation from straight count to percentage. Ignored with --diff or --by-file.

--sql=FILE
    Write results as SQL CREATE and INSERT statements which can be read by a database program such as SQLite. If FILE is -, output is sent to STDOUT.

--sql-append
    Append SQL insert statements to the file specified by --sql and do not generate table creation option.

--sql-project=NAME
    Use name as the project identifier for the current run. Only valid with the --sql option.

--sql-style=STYLE
    Write SQL statements in the given style instead of the default SQLite format. Styles include Oracle and Named_Columns.

--sum-one
    For plain text reports, show the SUM: output line even if only one input file is processed.

--xml
    Write the results in XML.

--xsl[=FILE]
    Reference FILE as an XSL stylesheet within the XML output. If FILE is not given, writes a default stylesheet, cloc.xsl. This switch forces --xml to be on.

--yaml
    Write the results in YAML.

EXAMPLES
Count the lines of code in the Perl 5.10.0 compressed tar file on a UNIX-like operating system:

  cloc perl-5.10.0.tar.gz

Count the changes in files, code, and comments between Python releases 2.6.6 and 2.7:

  cloc --diff Python-2.6.6.tar.bz  Python-2.7.tar.bz2

To see how cloc aligns files for comparison between two code bases, use the --diff-alignment=FILE option. Here the alignment information is written to "align.txt":

  cloc --diff-alignment=align.txt gcc-4.4.0.tar.bz2  gcc-4.5.0.tar.bz2

Count file, code, and comment changes between two git commits:

  cloc --git --diff b409850824 HEAD

Print the recognized languages:

  cloc --show-lang

Remove comments from "foo.c" and save the result in "foo.c.nc" ("nc" is an arbitrary extension; used here to denote "no comments"):

  cloc --strip-comments=nc foo.c

Additional examples can be found at <https://github.com/AlDanial/cloc>.

ENVIRONMENT
None.

FILES
None.

SEE ALSO
sloccount(1)

AUTHORS
The cloc program was written by Al Danial <al.danial@gmail.com> and is Copyright (C) 2006-2023 <al.danial@gmail.com>.

The manual page was originally written by Jari Aalto <jari.aalto@cante.net>.

Both the code and documentation is released under the GNU GPL version 2 or (at your option) any later version. For more information about license, visit <http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/gpl.html>.