// Protocol Buffers - Google's data interchange format
// Copyright 2008 Google Inc.  All rights reserved.
//
// Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style
// license that can be found in the LICENSE file or at
// https://developers.google.com/open-source/licenses/bsd

#include "google/protobuf/compiler/python/pyi_generator.h"

#include <cstddef>
#include <memory>
#include <string>
#include <utility>
#include <vector>

#include "absl/container/flat_hash_set.h"
#include "absl/log/absl_check.h"
#include "absl/log/absl_log.h"
#include "absl/strings/ascii.h"
#include "absl/strings/match.h"
#include "absl/strings/str_cat.h"
#include "absl/strings/str_split.h"
#include "absl/strings/string_view.h"
#include "absl/synchronization/mutex.h"
#include "google/protobuf/compiler/code_generator.h"
#include "google/protobuf/compiler/python/helpers.h"
#include "google/protobuf/descriptor.h"
#include "google/protobuf/descriptor.pb.h"
#include "google/protobuf/io/printer.h"
#include "google/protobuf/io/zero_copy_stream.h"

namespace google {
namespace protobuf {
namespace compiler {
namespace python {

PyiGenerator::PyiGenerator() : file_(nullptr) {}

PyiGenerator::~PyiGenerator() = default;

template <typename DescriptorT>
std::string PyiGenerator::ModuleLevelName(const DescriptorT& descriptor) const {
  std::string name = NamePrefixedWithNestedTypes(descriptor, ".");
  if (descriptor.file() != file_) {
    std::string module_alias;
    const absl::string_view filename = descriptor.file()->name();
    if (import_map_.find(filename) == import_map_.end()) {
      std::string module_name = ModuleName(descriptor.file()->name());
      std::vector<absl::string_view> tokens = absl::StrSplit(module_name, '.');
      module_alias = absl::StrCat("_", tokens.back());
    } else {
      module_alias = import_map_.at(filename);
    }
    name = absl::StrCat(module_alias, ".", name);
  }
  return name;
}

std::string PyiGenerator::PublicPackage() const { return "google.protobuf"; }

std::string PyiGenerator::InternalPackage() const {
  return "google.protobuf.internal";
}

struct ImportModules {
  bool has_repeated = false;    // _containers
  bool has_iterable = false;    // collections.abc.Iterable
  bool has_messages = false;    // _message
  bool has_enums = false;       // _enum_type_wrapper
  bool has_extendable = false;  // _python_message
  bool has_mapping = false;     // collections.abc.Mapping
  bool has_optional = false;    // typing.Optional
  bool has_union = false;       // typing.Union
  bool has_callable = false;    // typing.Callable
  bool has_well_known_type = false;
  bool has_datetime = false;
};

// Checks whether a descriptor name matches a well-known type.
bool IsWellKnownType(const absl::string_view name) {
  // LINT.IfChange(wktbases)
  return (name == "google.protobuf.Any" ||
          name == "google.protobuf.Duration" ||
          name == "google.protobuf.FieldMask" ||
          name == "google.protobuf.ListValue" ||
          name == "google.protobuf.Struct" ||
          name == "google.protobuf.Timestamp");
  // LINT.ThenChange(//depot/google3/net/proto2/python/internal/well_known_types.py:wktbases)
}

// Checks what modules should be imported for this message
// descriptor.
void CheckImportModules(const Descriptor* descriptor,
                        ImportModules* import_modules) {
  if (descriptor->extension_range_count() > 0) {
    import_modules->has_extendable = true;
  }
  if (descriptor->enum_type_count() > 0) {
    import_modules->has_enums = true;
  }
  if (IsWellKnownType(descriptor->full_name())) {
    import_modules->has_well_known_type = true;
  }
  for (int i = 0; i < descriptor->field_count(); ++i) {
    const FieldDescriptor* field = descriptor->field(i);
    if (IsPythonKeyword(field->name())) {
      continue;
    }
    import_modules->has_optional = true;
    if (field->is_repeated()) {
      import_modules->has_repeated = true;
    }
    if (field->is_map()) {
      import_modules->has_mapping = true;
      const FieldDescriptor* value_des = field->message_type()->field(1);
      if (value_des->cpp_type() == FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_MESSAGE) {
        import_modules->has_union = true;
        const absl::string_view name = value_des->message_type()->full_name();
        if (name == "google.protobuf.Duration" ||
            name == "google.protobuf.Timestamp") {
          import_modules->has_datetime = true;
        }
      }
      if (value_des->cpp_type() == FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_ENUM) {
        import_modules->has_union = true;
      }
    } else {
      if (field->is_repeated()) {
        import_modules->has_iterable = true;
      }
      if (field->cpp_type() == FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_MESSAGE) {
        import_modules->has_union = true;
        import_modules->has_mapping = true;
        const absl::string_view name = field->message_type()->full_name();
        if (name == "google.protobuf.Duration" ||
            name == "google.protobuf.Timestamp") {
          import_modules->has_datetime = true;
        }
      }
      if (field->cpp_type() == FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_ENUM) {
        import_modules->has_union = true;
      }
    }
  }
  for (int i = 0; i < descriptor->nested_type_count(); ++i) {
    CheckImportModules(descriptor->nested_type(i), import_modules);
  }
}

void PyiGenerator::PrintImportForDescriptor(
    const FileDescriptor& desc, absl::flat_hash_set<std::string>* seen_aliases,
    bool* has_importlib) const {
  const absl::string_view filename = desc.name();
  std::string module_name_owned = StrippedModuleName(filename);
  absl::string_view module_name(module_name_owned);
  size_t last_dot_pos = module_name.rfind('.');
  std::string alias = absl::StrCat("_", module_name.substr(last_dot_pos + 1));
  // Generate a unique alias by adding _1 suffixes until we get an unused alias.
  while (seen_aliases->find(alias) != seen_aliases->end()) {
    absl::StrAppend(&alias, "_1");
  }
  if (ContainsPythonKeyword(module_name)) {
    if (*has_importlib == false) {
      printer_->Print("import importlib\n");
      *has_importlib = true;
    }
    printer_->Print("$alias$ = importlib.import_module('$name$')\n", "alias",
                    alias, "name", module_name);
  } else {
    std::string import_statement;
    if (last_dot_pos == std::string::npos) {
      import_statement = absl::StrCat("import ", module_name);
    } else {
      import_statement =
          absl::StrCat("from ", module_name.substr(0, last_dot_pos), " import ",
                       module_name.substr(last_dot_pos + 1));
    }
    printer_->Print("$statement$ as $alias$\n", "statement", import_statement,
                    "alias", alias);
    import_map_[filename] = alias;
    seen_aliases->insert(alias);
  }
}

void PyiGenerator::PrintImports() const {
  // Checks what modules should be imported.
  ImportModules import_modules;
  if (file_->message_type_count() > 0) {
    import_modules.has_messages = true;
  }
  if (file_->enum_type_count() > 0) {
    import_modules.has_enums = true;
  }
  if (!opensource_runtime_ && file_->service_count() > 0) {
    import_modules.has_callable = true;
    import_modules.has_optional = true;
    import_modules.has_union = true;
  }
  for (int i = 0; i < file_->message_type_count(); i++) {
    CheckImportModules(file_->message_type(i), &import_modules);
  }
  if (import_modules.has_datetime) {
    printer_->Print("import datetime\n\n");
  }

  // Prints imported dependent _pb2 files.
  absl::flat_hash_set<std::string> seen_aliases;
  bool has_importlib = false;
  for (int i = 0; i < file_->dependency_count(); ++i) {
    const FileDescriptor* dep = file_->dependency(i);
    if (strip_nonfunctional_codegen_ && IsKnownFeatureProto(dep->name())) {
      continue;
    }
    PrintImportForDescriptor(*dep, &seen_aliases, &has_importlib);
    for (int j = 0; j < dep->public_dependency_count(); ++j) {
      PrintImportForDescriptor(*dep->public_dependency(j), &seen_aliases,
                               &has_importlib);
    }
  }

  // Prints modules (e.g. _containers, _messages, typing) that are
  // required in the proto file.
  if (import_modules.has_repeated) {
    printer_->Print(
        "from $internal_package$ import containers as _containers\n",
        "internal_package", InternalPackage());
  }
  if (import_modules.has_enums) {
    printer_->Print(
        "from $internal_package$ import enum_type_wrapper as "
        "_enum_type_wrapper\n",
        "internal_package", InternalPackage());
  }
  if (import_modules.has_extendable) {
    printer_->Print(
        "from $internal_package$ import python_message as _python_message\n",
        "internal_package", InternalPackage());
  }
  if (import_modules.has_well_known_type) {
    printer_->Print(
        "from $internal_package$ import well_known_types as "
        "_well_known_types\n",
        "internal_package", InternalPackage());
  }
  printer_->Print("from $public_package$ import descriptor as _descriptor\n",
                  "public_package", PublicPackage());
  if (import_modules.has_messages) {
    printer_->Print("from $public_package$ import message as _message\n",
                    "public_package", PublicPackage());
  }
  if (opensource_runtime_) {
    if (HasGenericServices(file_)) {
      printer_->Print("from $public_package$ import service as _service\n",
                      "public_package", PublicPackage());
    }
  } else {
    if (file_->service_count() > 0) {
      printer_->Print(
          "from google3.net.rpc.python import legacy_stream_token as "
          "_legacy_stream_token\n"
          "from google3.net.rpc.python import proto_python_api_2_stub as "
          "_proto_python_api_2_stub\n"
          "from google3.net.rpc.python import pywraprpc as _pywraprpc\n"
          "from google3.net.rpc.python import rpcserver as _rpcserver\n");
    }
  }
  if (import_modules.has_iterable || import_modules.has_mapping) {
    printer_->Print("from collections.abc import");
    if (import_modules.has_iterable) {
      printer_->Print(" Iterable as _Iterable");
      if (import_modules.has_mapping) {
        printer_->Print(",");
      }
    }
    if (import_modules.has_mapping) {
      printer_->Print(" Mapping as _Mapping");
    }
    printer_->Print("\n");
  }
  printer_->Print("from typing import ");
  if (!opensource_runtime_ && file_->service_count() > 0) {
    printer_->Print("Any as _Any, ");
  }
  if (import_modules.has_callable) {
    printer_->Print("Callable as _Callable, ");
  }
  printer_->Print("ClassVar as _ClassVar");
  if (import_modules.has_optional) {
    printer_->Print(", Optional as _Optional");
  }
  if (import_modules.has_union) {
    printer_->Print(", Union as _Union");
  }
  printer_->Print("\n");

  // Public imports
  for (int i = 0; i < file_->public_dependency_count(); ++i) {
    const FileDescriptor* public_dep = file_->public_dependency(i);
    std::string module_name = StrippedModuleName(public_dep->name());
    // Top level messages in public imports
    for (int i = 0; i < public_dep->message_type_count(); ++i) {
      printer_->Print(
          "from $module$ import $message_class$ as $message_class$\n", "module",
          module_name, "message_class", public_dep->message_type(i)->name());
    }
    // Top level enums for public imports
    for (int i = 0; i < public_dep->enum_type_count(); ++i) {
      printer_->Print("from $module$ import $enum_class$ as $enum_class$\n",
                      "module", module_name, "enum_class",
                      public_dep->enum_type(i)->name());
    }
  }
  printer_->Print("\n");
}

// Annotate wrapper for debugging purposes
// Print a message after Annotate to see what is annotated.
template <typename DescriptorT>
void PyiGenerator::Annotate(const std::string& label,
                            const DescriptorT* descriptor) const {
  printer_->Annotate(label, descriptor);
}

void PyiGenerator::PrintEnum(const EnumDescriptor& enum_descriptor) const {
  const absl::string_view enum_name = enum_descriptor.name();
  printer_->Print(
      "class $enum_name$(int, metaclass=_enum_type_wrapper.EnumTypeWrapper):\n"
      "    __slots__ = ()\n",
      "enum_name", enum_name);
  Annotate("enum_name", &enum_descriptor);
  printer_->Indent();
  PrintEnumValues(enum_descriptor, /* is_classvar = */ true);
  printer_->Outdent();
}

void PyiGenerator::PrintEnumValues(const EnumDescriptor& enum_descriptor,
                                   bool is_classvar) const {
  // enum values
  std::string module_enum_name = ModuleLevelName(enum_descriptor);
  for (int j = 0; j < enum_descriptor.value_count(); ++j) {
    const EnumValueDescriptor* value_descriptor = enum_descriptor.value(j);
    if (is_classvar) {
      printer_->Print("$name$: _ClassVar[$module_enum_name$]\n", "name",
                      value_descriptor->name(), "module_enum_name",
                      module_enum_name);
    } else {
      printer_->Print("$name$: $module_enum_name$\n", "name",
                      value_descriptor->name(), "module_enum_name",
                      module_enum_name);
    }
    Annotate("name", value_descriptor);
  }
}

void PyiGenerator::PrintTopLevelEnums() const {
  for (int i = 0; i < file_->enum_type_count(); ++i) {
    printer_->Print("\n");
    PrintEnum(*file_->enum_type(i));
  }
}

template <typename DescriptorT>
void PyiGenerator::PrintExtensions(const DescriptorT& descriptor) const {
  for (int i = 0; i < descriptor.extension_count(); ++i) {
    const FieldDescriptor* extension_field = descriptor.extension(i);
    std::string constant_name =
        absl::StrCat(extension_field->name(), "_FIELD_NUMBER");
    absl::AsciiStrToUpper(&constant_name);
    printer_->Print("$constant_name$: _ClassVar[int]\n",
                    "constant_name", constant_name);
    printer_->Print("$name$: _descriptor.FieldDescriptor\n",
                    "name", extension_field->name());
    Annotate("name", extension_field);
  }
}

// Returns the string format of a field's cpp_type
std::string PyiGenerator::GetFieldType(
    const FieldDescriptor& field_des, const Descriptor& containing_des) const {
  switch (field_des.cpp_type()) {
    case FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_INT32:
    case FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_UINT32:
    case FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_INT64:
    case FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_UINT64:
      return "int";
    case FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_DOUBLE:
    case FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_FLOAT:
      return "float";
    case FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_BOOL:
      return "bool";
    case FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_ENUM:
      return ModuleLevelName(*field_des.enum_type());
    case FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_STRING:
      if (field_des.type() == FieldDescriptor::TYPE_STRING) {
        return "str";
      } else {
        return "bytes";
      }
    case FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_MESSAGE: {
      // If the field is inside a nested message and the nested message has the
      // same name as a top-level message, then we need to prefix the field type
      // with the module name for disambiguation.
      std::string name = ModuleLevelName(*field_des.message_type());
      if ((containing_des.containing_type() != nullptr &&
           name == containing_des.name())) {
        std::string module = ModuleName(field_des.file()->name());
        name = absl::StrCat(module, ".", name);
      }
      return name;
    }
    default:
      ABSL_LOG(FATAL) << "Unsupported field type.";
  }
  return "";
}

std::string PyiGenerator::ExtraInitTypes(const Descriptor& msg_des) const {
  if (msg_des.full_name() == "google.protobuf.Timestamp") {
    return "datetime.datetime, ";
  } else if (msg_des.full_name() == "google.protobuf.Duration") {
    return "datetime.timedelta, ";
  } else {
    return "";
  }
}

void PyiGenerator::PrintMessage(const Descriptor& message_descriptor,
                                bool is_nested) const {
  if (!is_nested) {
    printer_->Print("\n");
  }
  const absl::string_view class_name = message_descriptor.name();
  std::string extra_base;
  // A well-known type needs to inherit from its corresponding base class in
  // net/proto2/python/internal/well_known_types.
  if (IsWellKnownType(message_descriptor.full_name())) {
    extra_base =
        absl::StrCat(", _well_known_types.", message_descriptor.name());
  } else {
    extra_base = "";
  }
  printer_->Print("class $class_name$(_message.Message$extra_base$):\n",
                  "class_name", class_name, "extra_base", extra_base);
  Annotate("class_name", &message_descriptor);
  printer_->Indent();

  // Prints slots
  printer_->Print("__slots__ = (");
  int items_printed = 0;
  for (int i = 0; i < message_descriptor.field_count(); ++i) {
    const FieldDescriptor* field_des = message_descriptor.field(i);
    if (IsPythonKeyword(field_des->name())) {
      continue;
    }
    if (items_printed > 0) {
      printer_->Print(", ");
    }
    ++items_printed;
    printer_->Print("\"$field_name$\"", "field_name", field_des->name());
  }
  printer_->Print(items_printed == 1 ? ",)\n" : ")\n");

  // Prints Extensions for extendable messages
  if (message_descriptor.extension_range_count() > 0) {
    printer_->Print("Extensions: _python_message._ExtensionDict\n");
  }

  // Prints nested enums
  for (int i = 0; i < message_descriptor.enum_type_count(); ++i) {
    PrintEnum(*message_descriptor.enum_type(i));
    PrintEnumValues(*message_descriptor.enum_type(i));
  }

  // Prints nested messages
  for (int i = 0; i < message_descriptor.nested_type_count(); ++i) {
    PrintMessage(*message_descriptor.nested_type(i), true);
  }

  PrintExtensions(message_descriptor);

  // Prints field number
  for (int i = 0; i < message_descriptor.field_count(); ++i) {
    const FieldDescriptor& field_des = *message_descriptor.field(i);
    printer_->Print(
        "$field_number_name$: _ClassVar[int]\n", "field_number_name",
        absl::StrCat(absl::AsciiStrToUpper(field_des.name()), "_FIELD_NUMBER"));
  }
  // Prints field name and type
  for (int i = 0; i < message_descriptor.field_count(); ++i) {
    const FieldDescriptor& field_des = *message_descriptor.field(i);
    if (IsPythonKeyword(field_des.name())) {
      continue;
    }
    std::string field_type = "";
    if (field_des.is_map()) {
      const FieldDescriptor* key_des = field_des.message_type()->field(0);
      const FieldDescriptor* value_des = field_des.message_type()->field(1);
      field_type =
          absl::StrCat(value_des->cpp_type() == FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_MESSAGE
                           ? "_containers.MessageMap["
                           : "_containers.ScalarMap[",
                       GetFieldType(*key_des, message_descriptor), ", ",
                       GetFieldType(*value_des, message_descriptor));
    } else {
      if (field_des.is_repeated()) {
        field_type = (field_des.cpp_type() == FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_MESSAGE
                          ? "_containers.RepeatedCompositeFieldContainer["
                          : "_containers.RepeatedScalarFieldContainer[");
      }
      field_type += GetFieldType(field_des, message_descriptor);
    }

    if (field_des.is_repeated()) {
      absl::StrAppend(&field_type, "]");
    }
    printer_->Print("$name$: $type$\n",
                    "name", field_des.name(), "type", field_type);
    Annotate("name", &field_des);
  }

  // Prints __init__
  printer_->Print("def __init__(");
  // If the message has a field named "self" (see b/144146793), it can still be
  // passed to the initializer, which takes those as **kwargs. To avoid name
  // collision, we rename the self parameter by appending underscores until it
  // no longer collides. The self-parameter is in fact positional-only, so the
  // name in the pyi doesn't matter with regard to what runtime usage is valid.
  std::string self_arg_name = "self";
  while (message_descriptor.FindFieldByName(self_arg_name) != nullptr) {
    self_arg_name.append("_");
  }
  printer_->Print(self_arg_name);
  bool has_python_keywords = false;
  for (int i = 0; i < message_descriptor.field_count(); ++i) {
    const FieldDescriptor* field_des = message_descriptor.field(i);
    if (IsPythonKeyword(field_des->name())) {
      has_python_keywords = true;
      continue;
    }
    std::string field_name = std::string(field_des->name());
    printer_->Print(", $field_name$: ", "field_name", field_name);
    Annotate("field_name", field_des);
    printer_->Print("_Optional[");
    if (field_des->is_map()) {
      const Descriptor* map_entry = field_des->message_type();
      printer_->Print(
          "_Mapping[$key_type$, $value_type$]", "key_type",
          GetFieldType(*map_entry->field(0), message_descriptor),
          "value_type",
          GetFieldType(*map_entry->field(1), message_descriptor));
    } else {
      if (field_des->is_repeated()) {
        printer_->Print("_Iterable[");
      }
      if (field_des->cpp_type() == FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_MESSAGE) {
        const auto& extra_init_types =
            ExtraInitTypes(*field_des->message_type());
        printer_->Print("_Union[$extra_init_types$$type_name$, _Mapping]",
                        "extra_init_types", extra_init_types, "type_name",
                        GetFieldType(*field_des, message_descriptor));
      } else {
        if (field_des->cpp_type() == FieldDescriptor::CPPTYPE_ENUM) {
          printer_->Print("_Union[$type_name$, str]", "type_name",
                          ModuleLevelName(*field_des->enum_type()));
        } else {
          printer_->Print(
              "$type_name$", "type_name",
              GetFieldType(*field_des, message_descriptor));
        }
      }
      if (field_des->is_repeated()) {
        printer_->Print("]");
      }
    }
    printer_->Print("] = ...");
  }
  if (has_python_keywords) {
    printer_->Print(", **kwargs");
  }
  printer_->Print(") -> None: ...\n");
  printer_->Outdent();
}

void PyiGenerator::PrintMessages() const {
  // Deterministically order the descriptors.
  for (int i = 0; i < file_->message_type_count(); ++i) {
    PrintMessage(*file_->message_type(i), false);
  }
}

void PyiGenerator::PrintServices() const {
  // Prints $Service$ and $Service$_Stub classes
  for (int i = 0; i < file_->service_count(); ++i) {
    printer_->Print("\n");
    printer_->Print(
        "class $service_name$(_service.service): ...\n\n"
        "class $service_name$_Stub($service_name$): ...\n",
        "service_name", file_->service(i)->name());
  }
}


bool PyiGenerator::Generate(const FileDescriptor* file,
                            const std::string& parameter,
                            GeneratorContext* context,
                            std::string* error) const {
  absl::MutexLock lock(&mutex_);
  import_map_.clear();
  // Calculate file name.
  file_ = file;
  // In google3, devtools/python/bazel/pytype/pytype_impl.bzl uses --pyi_out to
  // directly set the output file name.
  std::vector<std::pair<std::string, std::string> > options;
  ParseGeneratorParameter(parameter, &options);

  std::string filename;
  bool annotate_code = false;
  strip_nonfunctional_codegen_ = false;
  for (const std::pair<std::string, std::string>& option : options) {
    if (option.first == "annotate_code") {
      annotate_code = true;
    } else if (absl::EndsWith(option.first, ".pyi")) {
      filename = option.first;
    } else if (option.first == "experimental_strip_nonfunctional_codegen") {
      strip_nonfunctional_codegen_ = true;
    } else {
      *error = absl::StrCat("Unknown generator option: ", option.first);
      return false;
    }
  }

  if (filename.empty()) {
    filename = GetFileName(file, ".pyi");
  }

  std::unique_ptr<io::ZeroCopyOutputStream> output(context->Open(filename));
  ABSL_CHECK(output.get());
  GeneratedCodeInfo annotations;
  io::AnnotationProtoCollector<GeneratedCodeInfo> annotation_collector(
      &annotations);
  io::Printer::Options printer_opt(
      '$', annotate_code ? &annotation_collector : nullptr);
  printer_opt.spaces_per_indent = 4;
  io::Printer printer(output.get(), printer_opt);
  printer_ = &printer;

  PrintImports();
  printer_->Print("DESCRIPTOR: _descriptor.FileDescriptor\n");

  // Prints extensions and enums from imports.
  for (int i = 0; i < file_->public_dependency_count(); ++i) {
    const FileDescriptor* public_dep = file_->public_dependency(i);
    PrintExtensions(*public_dep);
    for (int i = 0; i < public_dep->enum_type_count(); ++i) {
      const EnumDescriptor* enum_descriptor = public_dep->enum_type(i);
      PrintEnumValues(*enum_descriptor);
    }
  }

  PrintTopLevelEnums();
  // Prints top level enum values
  for (int i = 0; i < file_->enum_type_count(); ++i) {
    PrintEnumValues(*file_->enum_type(i));
  }
  // Prints top level Extensions
  PrintExtensions(*file_);
  PrintMessages();

  if (opensource_runtime_ && HasGenericServices(file)) {
    PrintServices();
  }
  return true;
}

}  // namespace python
}  // namespace compiler
}  // namespace protobuf
}  // namespace google
