/*
 * Copyright (C) 2011 The Guava Authors
 *
 * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not use this file except
 * in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at
 *
 * http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
 *
 * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed under the License
 * is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express
 * or implied. See the License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations under
 * the License.
 */

package com.google.common.cache;

import static com.google.common.base.Preconditions.checkArgument;
import static com.google.common.math.LongMath.saturatedAdd;
import static com.google.common.math.LongMath.saturatedSubtract;
import static java.lang.Math.max;

import com.google.common.annotations.GwtCompatible;
import com.google.common.base.MoreObjects;
import java.util.Objects;
import java.util.concurrent.Callable;
import org.jspecify.annotations.Nullable;

/**
 * Statistics about the performance of a {@link Cache}. Instances of this class are immutable.
 *
 * <p>Cache statistics are incremented according to the following rules:
 *
 * <ul>
 *   <li>When a cache lookup encounters an existing cache entry {@code hitCount} is incremented.
 *   <li>When a cache lookup first encounters a missing cache entry, a new entry is loaded.
 *       <ul>
 *         <li>After successfully loading an entry {@code missCount} and {@code loadSuccessCount}
 *             are incremented, and the total loading time, in nanoseconds, is added to {@code
 *             totalLoadTime}.
 *         <li>When an exception is thrown while loading an entry, {@code missCount} and {@code
 *             loadExceptionCount} are incremented, and the total loading time, in nanoseconds, is
 *             added to {@code totalLoadTime}.
 *         <li>Cache lookups that encounter a missing cache entry that is still loading will wait
 *             for loading to complete (whether successful or not) and then increment {@code
 *             missCount}.
 *       </ul>
 *   <li>When an entry is evicted from the cache, {@code evictionCount} is incremented.
 *   <li>No stats are modified when a cache entry is invalidated or manually removed.
 *   <li>No stats are modified by operations invoked on the {@linkplain Cache#asMap asMap} view of
 *       the cache.
 * </ul>
 *
 * <p>A lookup is specifically defined as an invocation of one of the methods {@link
 * LoadingCache#get(Object)}, {@link LoadingCache#getUnchecked(Object)}, {@link Cache#get(Object,
 * Callable)}, or {@link LoadingCache#getAll(Iterable)}.
 *
 * @author Charles Fry
 * @since 10.0
 */
@GwtCompatible
public final class CacheStats {
  private final long hitCount;
  private final long missCount;
  private final long loadSuccessCount;
  private final long loadExceptionCount;

  @SuppressWarnings("GoodTime") // should be a java.time.Duration
  private final long totalLoadTime;

  private final long evictionCount;

  /**
   * Constructs a new {@code CacheStats} instance.
   *
   * <p>Five parameters of the same type in a row is a bad thing, but this class is not constructed
   * by end users and is too fine-grained for a builder.
   */
  @SuppressWarnings("GoodTime") // should accept a java.time.Duration
  public CacheStats(
      long hitCount,
      long missCount,
      long loadSuccessCount,
      long loadExceptionCount,
      long totalLoadTime,
      long evictionCount) {
    checkArgument(hitCount >= 0);
    checkArgument(missCount >= 0);
    checkArgument(loadSuccessCount >= 0);
    checkArgument(loadExceptionCount >= 0);
    checkArgument(totalLoadTime >= 0);
    checkArgument(evictionCount >= 0);

    this.hitCount = hitCount;
    this.missCount = missCount;
    this.loadSuccessCount = loadSuccessCount;
    this.loadExceptionCount = loadExceptionCount;
    this.totalLoadTime = totalLoadTime;
    this.evictionCount = evictionCount;
  }

  /**
   * Returns the number of times {@link Cache} lookup methods have returned either a cached or
   * uncached value. This is defined as {@code hitCount + missCount}.
   *
   * <p><b>Note:</b> the values of the metrics are undefined in case of overflow (though it is
   * guaranteed not to throw an exception). If you require specific handling, we recommend
   * implementing your own stats collector.
   */
  public long requestCount() {
    return saturatedAdd(hitCount, missCount);
  }

  /** Returns the number of times {@link Cache} lookup methods have returned a cached value. */
  public long hitCount() {
    return hitCount;
  }

  /**
   * Returns the ratio of cache requests which were hits. This is defined as {@code hitCount /
   * requestCount}, or {@code 1.0} when {@code requestCount == 0}. Note that {@code hitRate +
   * missRate =~ 1.0}.
   */
  public double hitRate() {
    long requestCount = requestCount();
    return (requestCount == 0) ? 1.0 : (double) hitCount / requestCount;
  }

  /**
   * Returns the number of times {@link Cache} lookup methods have returned an uncached (newly
   * loaded) value, or null. Multiple concurrent calls to {@link Cache} lookup methods on an absent
   * value can result in multiple misses, all returning the results of a single cache load
   * operation.
   */
  public long missCount() {
    return missCount;
  }

  /**
   * Returns the ratio of cache requests which were misses. This is defined as {@code missCount /
   * requestCount}, or {@code 0.0} when {@code requestCount == 0}. Note that {@code hitRate +
   * missRate =~ 1.0}. Cache misses include all requests which weren't cache hits, including
   * requests which resulted in either successful or failed loading attempts, and requests which
   * waited for other threads to finish loading. It is thus the case that {@code missCount >=
   * loadSuccessCount + loadExceptionCount}. Multiple concurrent misses for the same key will result
   * in a single load operation.
   */
  public double missRate() {
    long requestCount = requestCount();
    return (requestCount == 0) ? 0.0 : (double) missCount / requestCount;
  }

  /**
   * Returns the total number of times that {@link Cache} lookup methods attempted to load new
   * values. This includes both successful load operations and those that threw exceptions. This is
   * defined as {@code loadSuccessCount + loadExceptionCount}.
   *
   * <p><b>Note:</b> the values of the metrics are undefined in case of overflow (though it is
   * guaranteed not to throw an exception). If you require specific handling, we recommend
   * implementing your own stats collector.
   */
  public long loadCount() {
    return saturatedAdd(loadSuccessCount, loadExceptionCount);
  }

  /**
   * Returns the number of times {@link Cache} lookup methods have successfully loaded a new value.
   * This is usually incremented in conjunction with {@link #missCount}, though {@code missCount} is
   * also incremented when an exception is encountered during cache loading (see {@link
   * #loadExceptionCount}). Multiple concurrent misses for the same key will result in a single load
   * operation. This may be incremented not in conjunction with {@code missCount} if the load occurs
   * as a result of a refresh or if the cache loader returned more items than was requested. {@code
   * missCount} may also be incremented not in conjunction with this (nor {@link
   * #loadExceptionCount}) on calls to {@code getIfPresent}.
   */
  public long loadSuccessCount() {
    return loadSuccessCount;
  }

  /**
   * Returns the number of times {@link Cache} lookup methods threw an exception while loading a new
   * value. This is usually incremented in conjunction with {@code missCount}, though {@code
   * missCount} is also incremented when cache loading completes successfully (see {@link
   * #loadSuccessCount}). Multiple concurrent misses for the same key will result in a single load
   * operation. This may be incremented not in conjunction with {@code missCount} if the load occurs
   * as a result of a refresh or if the cache loader returned more items than was requested. {@code
   * missCount} may also be incremented not in conjunction with this (nor {@link #loadSuccessCount})
   * on calls to {@code getIfPresent}.
   */
  public long loadExceptionCount() {
    return loadExceptionCount;
  }

  /**
   * Returns the ratio of cache loading attempts which threw exceptions. This is defined as {@code
   * loadExceptionCount / (loadSuccessCount + loadExceptionCount)}, or {@code 0.0} when {@code
   * loadSuccessCount + loadExceptionCount == 0}.
   *
   * <p><b>Note:</b> the values of the metrics are undefined in case of overflow (though it is
   * guaranteed not to throw an exception). If you require specific handling, we recommend
   * implementing your own stats collector.
   */
  public double loadExceptionRate() {
    long totalLoadCount = saturatedAdd(loadSuccessCount, loadExceptionCount);
    return (totalLoadCount == 0) ? 0.0 : (double) loadExceptionCount / totalLoadCount;
  }

  /**
   * Returns the total number of nanoseconds the cache has spent loading new values. This can be
   * used to calculate the miss penalty. This value is increased every time {@code loadSuccessCount}
   * or {@code loadExceptionCount} is incremented.
   */
  @SuppressWarnings("GoodTime") // should return a java.time.Duration
  public long totalLoadTime() {
    return totalLoadTime;
  }

  /**
   * Returns the average time spent loading new values. This is defined as {@code totalLoadTime /
   * (loadSuccessCount + loadExceptionCount)}.
   *
   * <p><b>Note:</b> the values of the metrics are undefined in case of overflow (though it is
   * guaranteed not to throw an exception). If you require specific handling, we recommend
   * implementing your own stats collector.
   */
  public double averageLoadPenalty() {
    long totalLoadCount = saturatedAdd(loadSuccessCount, loadExceptionCount);
    return (totalLoadCount == 0) ? 0.0 : (double) totalLoadTime / totalLoadCount;
  }

  /**
   * Returns the number of times an entry has been evicted. This count does not include manual
   * {@linkplain Cache#invalidate invalidations}.
   */
  public long evictionCount() {
    return evictionCount;
  }

  /**
   * Returns a new {@code CacheStats} representing the difference between this {@code CacheStats}
   * and {@code other}. Negative values, which aren't supported by {@code CacheStats} will be
   * rounded up to zero.
   */
  public CacheStats minus(CacheStats other) {
    return new CacheStats(
        max(0, saturatedSubtract(hitCount, other.hitCount)),
        max(0, saturatedSubtract(missCount, other.missCount)),
        max(0, saturatedSubtract(loadSuccessCount, other.loadSuccessCount)),
        max(0, saturatedSubtract(loadExceptionCount, other.loadExceptionCount)),
        max(0, saturatedSubtract(totalLoadTime, other.totalLoadTime)),
        max(0, saturatedSubtract(evictionCount, other.evictionCount)));
  }

  /**
   * Returns a new {@code CacheStats} representing the sum of this {@code CacheStats} and {@code
   * other}.
   *
   * <p><b>Note:</b> the values of the metrics are undefined in case of overflow (though it is
   * guaranteed not to throw an exception). If you require specific handling, we recommend
   * implementing your own stats collector.
   *
   * @since 11.0
   */
  public CacheStats plus(CacheStats other) {
    return new CacheStats(
        saturatedAdd(hitCount, other.hitCount),
        saturatedAdd(missCount, other.missCount),
        saturatedAdd(loadSuccessCount, other.loadSuccessCount),
        saturatedAdd(loadExceptionCount, other.loadExceptionCount),
        saturatedAdd(totalLoadTime, other.totalLoadTime),
        saturatedAdd(evictionCount, other.evictionCount));
  }

  @Override
  public int hashCode() {
    return Objects.hash(
        hitCount, missCount, loadSuccessCount, loadExceptionCount, totalLoadTime, evictionCount);
  }

  @Override
  public boolean equals(@Nullable Object object) {
    if (object instanceof CacheStats) {
      CacheStats other = (CacheStats) object;
      return hitCount == other.hitCount
          && missCount == other.missCount
          && loadSuccessCount == other.loadSuccessCount
          && loadExceptionCount == other.loadExceptionCount
          && totalLoadTime == other.totalLoadTime
          && evictionCount == other.evictionCount;
    }
    return false;
  }

  @Override
  public String toString() {
    return MoreObjects.toStringHelper(this)
        .add("hitCount", hitCount)
        .add("missCount", missCount)
        .add("loadSuccessCount", loadSuccessCount)
        .add("loadExceptionCount", loadExceptionCount)
        .add("totalLoadTime", totalLoadTime)
        .add("evictionCount", evictionCount)
        .toString();
  }
}
