/*
 * This file is part of the GROMACS molecular simulation package.
 *
 * Copyright 1991- The GROMACS Authors
 * and the project initiators Erik Lindahl, Berk Hess and David van der Spoel.
 * Consult the AUTHORS/COPYING files and https://www.gromacs.org for details.
 *
 * GROMACS is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
 * modify it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License
 * as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2.1
 * of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
 *
 * GROMACS is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
 * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
 * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU
 * Lesser General Public License for more details.
 *
 * You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public
 * License along with GROMACS; if not, see
 * https://www.gnu.org/licenses, or write to the Free Software Foundation,
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 */
#include "gmxpre.h"

#include <cmath>
#include <cstdio>
#include <cstring>

#include <algorithm>
#include <array>
#include <filesystem>
#include <string>
#include <vector>

#include "gromacs/commandline/filenm.h"
#include "gromacs/commandline/pargs.h"
#include "gromacs/commandline/viewit.h"
#include "gromacs/fileio/filetypes.h"
#include "gromacs/fileio/oenv.h"
#include "gromacs/fileio/tpxio.h"
#include "gromacs/fileio/trxio.h"
#include "gromacs/fileio/xvgr.h"
#include "gromacs/gmxana/gmx_ana.h"
#include "gromacs/math/nrjac.h"
#include "gromacs/pbcutil/rmpbc.h"
#include "gromacs/topology/index.h"
#include "gromacs/topology/topology.h"
#include "gromacs/utility/arrayref.h"
#include "gromacs/utility/arraysize.h"
#include "gromacs/utility/basedefinitions.h"
#include "gromacs/utility/booltype.h"
#include "gromacs/utility/cstringutil.h"
#include "gromacs/utility/real.h"
#include "gromacs/utility/smalloc.h"
#include "gromacs/utility/stringutil.h"
#include "gromacs/utility/vec.h"
#include "gromacs/utility/vectypes.h"

enum class PbcType : int;
struct gmx_output_env_t;

static void gyro_eigen(double** gyr, double* eig, double** eigv, int* ord)
{
    int nrot, d;

    jacobi(gyr, DIM, eig, eigv, &nrot);
    /* Order the eigenvalues */
    ord[0] = 0;
    ord[2] = 2;
    for (d = 0; d < DIM; d++)
    {
        if (eig[d] > eig[ord[0]])
        {
            ord[0] = d;
        }
        if (eig[d] < eig[ord[2]])
        {
            ord[2] = d;
        }
    }
    for (d = 0; d < DIM; d++)
    {
        if (ord[0] != d && ord[2] != d)
        {
            ord[1] = d;
        }
    }
}

/* Calculate mean square internal distances (Auhl et al., JCP 119, 12718) */
static void calc_int_dist(double* intd, rvec* x, int i0, int i1)
{
    int       ii;
    const int ml = i1 - i0 + 1; /* Number of beads in molecule. */
    int       bd;               /* Distance between beads */
    double    d;

    for (bd = 1; bd < ml; bd++)
    {
        d = 0.;
        for (ii = i0; ii <= i1 - bd; ii++)
        {
            d += distance2(x[ii], x[ii + bd]);
        }
        d /= ml - bd;
        intd[bd - 1] += d;
    }
}

int gmx_polystat(int argc, char* argv[])
{
    const char* desc[] = {
        "[THISMODULE] plots static properties of polymers as a function of time",
        "and prints the average.[PAR]",
        "By default it determines the average end-to-end distance and radii",
        "of gyration of polymers. It asks for an index group and split this",
        "into molecules. The end-to-end distance is then determined using",
        "the first and the last atom in the index group for each molecules.",
        "For the radius of gyration the total and the three principal components",
        "for the average gyration tensor are written.",
        "With option [TT]-v[tt] the eigenvectors are written.",
        "With option [TT]-pc[tt] also the average eigenvalues of the individual",
        "gyration tensors are written.",
        "With option [TT]-i[tt] the mean square internal distances are",
        "written.[PAR]",
        "With option [TT]-p[tt] the persistence length is determined.",
        "The chosen index group should consist of atoms that are",
        "consecutively bonded in the polymer mainchains.",
        "The persistence length is then determined from the cosine of",
        "the angles between bonds with an index difference that is even,",
        "the odd pairs are not used, because straight polymer backbones",
        "are usually all trans and therefore only every second bond aligns.",
        "The persistence length is defined as number of bonds where",
        "the average cos reaches a value of 1/e. This point is determined",
        "by a linear interpolation of [LOG]<cos>[log]."
    };
    static gmx_bool bMW = TRUE, bPC = FALSE;
    t_pargs         pa[] = {
        { "-mw", FALSE, etBOOL, { &bMW }, "Use the mass weighting for radii of gyration" },
        { "-pc", FALSE, etBOOL, { &bPC }, "Plot average eigenvalues" }
    };

    t_filenm fnm[] = { { efTPR, nullptr, nullptr, ffREAD },  { efTRX, "-f", nullptr, ffREAD },
                       { efNDX, nullptr, nullptr, ffOPTRD }, { efXVG, "-o", "polystat", ffWRITE },
                       { efXVG, "-v", "polyvec", ffOPTWR },  { efXVG, "-p", "persist", ffOPTWR },
                       { efXVG, "-i", "intdist", ffOPTWR } };
#define NFILE asize(fnm)

    t_topology*                top;
    gmx_output_env_t*          oenv;
    PbcType                    pbcType;
    int                        isize, *index, nmol, *molind, mol, nat_min = 0, nat_max = 0;
    char*                      grpname;
    t_trxstatus*               status;
    real                       t;
    rvec *                     x, *bond = nullptr;
    matrix                     box;
    int                        natoms, i, j, frame, ind0, ind1, a, d, d2, ord[DIM] = { 0 };
    dvec                       cm, sum_eig = { 0, 0, 0 };
    double **                  gyr, **gyr_all, eig[DIM], **eigv;
    double                     sum_eed2, sum_eed2_tot, sum_gyro, sum_gyro_tot, sum_pers_tot;
    int*                       ninp    = nullptr;
    double *                   sum_inp = nullptr, pers;
    double *                   intd, ymax, ymin;
    double                     mmol, m;
    char                       title[STRLEN];
    FILE *                     out, *outv, *outp, *outi;
    std::array<std::string, 8> leg = { "end to end",      "<R\\sg\\N>",      "<R\\sg\\N> eig1",
                                       "<R\\sg\\N> eig2", "<R\\sg\\N> eig3", "<R\\sg\\N eig1>",
                                       "<R\\sg\\N eig2>", "<R\\sg\\N eig3>" };
    std::vector<std::string>   legp;
    gmx_rmpbc_t                gpbc = nullptr;

    if (!parse_common_args(&argc,
                           argv,
                           PCA_CAN_VIEW | PCA_CAN_TIME | PCA_TIME_UNIT,
                           NFILE,
                           fnm,
                           asize(pa),
                           pa,
                           asize(desc),
                           desc,
                           0,
                           nullptr,
                           &oenv))
    {
        return 0;
    }

    snew(top, 1);
    pbcType = read_tpx_top(ftp2fn(efTPR, NFILE, fnm), nullptr, box, &natoms, nullptr, nullptr, top);

    fprintf(stderr, "Select a group of polymer mainchain atoms:\n");
    get_index(&top->atoms, ftp2fn_null(efNDX, NFILE, fnm), 1, &isize, &index, &grpname);

    snew(molind, top->mols.nr + 1);
    nmol = 0;
    mol  = -1;
    for (i = 0; i < isize; i++)
    {
        if (i == 0 || index[i] >= top->mols.index[mol + 1])
        {
            molind[nmol++] = i;
            do
            {
                mol++;
            } while (index[i] >= top->mols.index[mol + 1]);
        }
    }
    molind[nmol] = i;
    nat_min      = top->atoms.nr;
    nat_max      = 0;
    for (mol = 0; mol < nmol; mol++)
    {
        nat_min = std::min(nat_min, molind[mol + 1] - molind[mol]);
        nat_max = std::max(nat_max, molind[mol + 1] - molind[mol]);
    }
    fprintf(stderr, "Group %s consists of %d molecules\n", grpname, nmol);
    fprintf(stderr, "Group size per molecule, min: %d atoms, max %d atoms\n", nat_min, nat_max);

    sprintf(title, "Size of %d polymers", nmol);
    out = xvgropen(opt2fn("-o", NFILE, fnm), title, output_env_get_xvgr_tlabel(oenv), "(nm)", oenv);
    xvgrLegend(out, gmx::makeArrayRef(leg).subArray(0, bPC ? 8 : 5), oenv);

    if (opt2bSet("-v", NFILE, fnm))
    {
        outv = xvgropen(opt2fn("-v", NFILE, fnm),
                        "Principal components",
                        output_env_get_xvgr_tlabel(oenv),
                        "(nm)",
                        oenv);
        for (d = 0; d < DIM; d++)
        {
            for (d2 = 0; d2 < DIM; d2++)
            {
                legp.emplace_back(gmx::formatString("eig%d %c", d + 1, 'x' + d2));
            }
        }
        xvgrLegend(outv, legp, oenv);
    }
    else
    {
        outv = nullptr;
    }

    if (opt2bSet("-p", NFILE, fnm))
    {
        outp = xvgropen(opt2fn("-p", NFILE, fnm),
                        "Persistence length",
                        output_env_get_xvgr_tlabel(oenv),
                        "bonds",
                        oenv);
        snew(bond, nat_max - 1);
        snew(sum_inp, nat_min / 2);
        snew(ninp, nat_min / 2);
    }
    else
    {
        outp = nullptr;
    }

    if (opt2bSet("-i", NFILE, fnm))
    {
        outi = xvgropen(
                opt2fn("-i", NFILE, fnm), "Internal distances", "n", "<R\\S2\\N(n)>/n (nm\\S2\\N)", oenv);
        i = index[molind[1] - 1] - index[molind[0]]; /* Length of polymer -1 */
        snew(intd, i);
    }
    else
    {
        intd = nullptr;
        outi = nullptr;
    }

    natoms = read_first_x(oenv, &status, ftp2fn(efTRX, NFILE, fnm), &t, &x, box);

    snew(gyr, DIM);
    snew(gyr_all, DIM);
    snew(eigv, DIM);
    for (d = 0; d < DIM; d++)
    {
        snew(gyr[d], DIM);
        snew(gyr_all[d], DIM);
        snew(eigv[d], DIM);
    }

    frame        = 0;
    sum_eed2_tot = 0;
    sum_gyro_tot = 0;
    sum_pers_tot = 0;

    gpbc = gmx_rmpbc_init(&top->idef, pbcType, natoms);

    do
    {
        gmx_rmpbc_apply(gpbc, natoms, box, x);

        sum_eed2 = 0;
        for (d = 0; d < DIM; d++)
        {
            clear_dvec(gyr_all[d]);
        }

        if (bPC)
        {
            clear_dvec(sum_eig);
        }

        if (outp)
        {
            for (i = 0; i < nat_min / 2; i++)
            {
                sum_inp[i] = 0;
                ninp[i]    = 0;
            }
        }

        for (mol = 0; mol < nmol; mol++)
        {
            ind0 = molind[mol];
            ind1 = molind[mol + 1];

            /* Determine end to end distance */
            sum_eed2 += distance2(x[index[ind0]], x[index[ind1 - 1]]);

            /* Determine internal distances */
            if (outi)
            {
                calc_int_dist(intd, x, index[ind0], index[ind1 - 1]);
            }

            /* Determine the radius of gyration */
            clear_dvec(cm);
            for (d = 0; d < DIM; d++)
            {
                clear_dvec(gyr[d]);
            }
            mmol = 0;

            for (i = ind0; i < ind1; i++)
            {
                a = index[i];
                if (bMW)
                {
                    m = top->atoms.atom[a].m;
                }
                else
                {
                    m = 1;
                }
                mmol += m;
                for (d = 0; d < DIM; d++)
                {
                    cm[d] += m * x[a][d];
                    for (d2 = 0; d2 < DIM; d2++)
                    {
                        gyr[d][d2] += m * x[a][d] * x[a][d2];
                    }
                }
            }
            dsvmul(1 / mmol, cm, cm);
            for (d = 0; d < DIM; d++)
            {
                for (d2 = 0; d2 < DIM; d2++)
                {
                    gyr[d][d2] = gyr[d][d2] / mmol - cm[d] * cm[d2];
                    gyr_all[d][d2] += gyr[d][d2];
                }
            }
            if (bPC)
            {
                gyro_eigen(gyr, eig, eigv, ord);
                for (d = 0; d < DIM; d++)
                {
                    sum_eig[d] += eig[ord[d]];
                }
            }
            if (outp)
            {
                for (i = ind0; i < ind1 - 1; i++)
                {
                    rvec_sub(x[index[i + 1]], x[index[i]], bond[i - ind0]);
                    unitv(bond[i - ind0], bond[i - ind0]);
                }
                for (i = ind0; i < ind1 - 1; i++)
                {
                    for (j = 0; (i + j < ind1 - 1 && j < nat_min / 2); j += 2)
                    {
                        sum_inp[j] += iprod(bond[i - ind0], bond[i - ind0 + j]);
                        ninp[j]++;
                    }
                }
            }
        }
        sum_eed2 /= nmol;

        sum_gyro = 0;
        for (d = 0; d < DIM; d++)
        {
            for (d2 = 0; d2 < DIM; d2++)
            {
                gyr_all[d][d2] /= nmol;
            }
            sum_gyro += gyr_all[d][d];
        }

        gyro_eigen(gyr_all, eig, eigv, ord);

        fprintf(out,
                "%10.3f %8.4f %8.4f %8.4f %8.4f %8.4f",
                t * output_env_get_time_factor(oenv),
                std::sqrt(sum_eed2),
                std::sqrt(sum_gyro),
                std::sqrt(eig[ord[0]]),
                std::sqrt(eig[ord[1]]),
                std::sqrt(eig[ord[2]]));
        if (bPC)
        {
            for (d = 0; d < DIM; d++)
            {
                fprintf(out, " %8.4f", std::sqrt(sum_eig[d] / nmol));
            }
        }
        fprintf(out, "\n");

        if (outv)
        {
            fprintf(outv, "%10.3f", t * output_env_get_time_factor(oenv));
            for (d = 0; d < DIM; d++)
            {
                for (d2 = 0; d2 < DIM; d2++)
                {
                    fprintf(outv, " %6.3f", eigv[ord[d]][d2]);
                }
            }
            fprintf(outv, "\n");
        }

        sum_eed2_tot += sum_eed2;
        sum_gyro_tot += sum_gyro;

        if (outp)
        {
            i = -1;
            for (j = 0; j < nat_min / 2; j += 2)
            {
                sum_inp[j] /= ninp[j];
                if (i == -1 && sum_inp[j] <= std::exp(-1.0))
                {
                    i = j;
                }
            }
            if (i == -1)
            {
                pers = j;
            }
            else
            {
                /* Do linear interpolation on a log scale */
                pers = i - 2.0
                       + 2.0 * (std::log(sum_inp[i - 2]) + 1.0)
                                 / (std::log(sum_inp[i - 2]) - std::log(sum_inp[i]));
            }
            fprintf(outp, "%10.3f %8.4f\n", t * output_env_get_time_factor(oenv), pers);
            sum_pers_tot += pers;
        }

        frame++;
    } while (read_next_x(oenv, status, &t, x, box));

    gmx_rmpbc_done(gpbc);

    close_trx(status);

    xvgrclose(out);
    if (outv)
    {
        xvgrclose(outv);
    }
    if (outp)
    {
        xvgrclose(outp);
    }

    sum_eed2_tot /= frame;
    sum_gyro_tot /= frame;
    sum_pers_tot /= frame;
    fprintf(stdout, "\nAverage end to end distance: %.3f (nm)\n", std::sqrt(sum_eed2_tot));
    fprintf(stdout, "\nAverage radius of gyration:  %.3f (nm)\n", std::sqrt(sum_gyro_tot));
    if (opt2bSet("-p", NFILE, fnm))
    {
        fprintf(stdout, "\nAverage persistence length:  %.2f bonds\n", sum_pers_tot);
    }

    /* Handle printing of internal distances. */
    if (outi)
    {
        if (output_env_get_print_xvgr_codes(oenv))
        {
            fprintf(outi, "@    xaxes scale Logarithmic\n");
        }
        ymax = -1;
        ymin = 1e300;
        j    = index[molind[1] - 1] - index[molind[0]]; /* Polymer length -1. */
        for (i = 0; i < j; i++)
        {
            intd[i] /= (i + 1) * frame * nmol;
            if (intd[i] > ymax)
            {
                ymax = intd[i];
            }
            if (intd[i] < ymin)
            {
                ymin = intd[i];
            }
        }
        xvgr_world(outi, 1, ymin, j, ymax, oenv);
        for (i = 0; i < j; i++)
        {
            fprintf(outi, "%d  %8.4f\n", i + 1, intd[i]);
        }
        xvgrclose(outi);
    }

    do_view(oenv, opt2fn("-o", NFILE, fnm), "-nxy");
    if (opt2bSet("-v", NFILE, fnm))
    {
        do_view(oenv, opt2fn("-v", NFILE, fnm), "-nxy");
    }
    if (opt2bSet("-p", NFILE, fnm))
    {
        do_view(oenv, opt2fn("-p", NFILE, fnm), "-nxy");
    }

    return 0;
}
