# -*- encoding: utf-8 -*-
#
# Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
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# this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
# The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
# (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
# the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
#
#    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
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import array
import ctypes
import datetime
import os
import pickle
import sys
import unittest

from pyspark.sql import Row
from pyspark.sql.functions import col
from pyspark.sql.udf import UserDefinedFunction
from pyspark.sql.utils import AnalysisException
from pyspark.sql.types import ByteType, ShortType, IntegerType, FloatType, DateType, \
    TimestampType, MapType, StringType, StructType, StructField, ArrayType, DoubleType, LongType, \
    DecimalType, BinaryType, BooleanType, NullType
from pyspark.sql.types import (  # type: ignore
    _array_signed_int_typecode_ctype_mappings, _array_type_mappings,
    _array_unsigned_int_typecode_ctype_mappings, _infer_type, _make_type_verifier, _merge_type
)
from pyspark.testing.sqlutils import ReusedSQLTestCase, ExamplePointUDT, PythonOnlyUDT, \
    ExamplePoint, PythonOnlyPoint, MyObject


class TypesTests(ReusedSQLTestCase):

    def test_apply_schema_to_row(self):
        df = self.spark.read.json(self.sc.parallelize(["""{"a":2}"""]))
        df2 = self.spark.createDataFrame(df.rdd.map(lambda x: x), df.schema)
        self.assertEqual(df.collect(), df2.collect())

        rdd = self.sc.parallelize(range(10)).map(lambda x: Row(a=x))
        df3 = self.spark.createDataFrame(rdd, df.schema)
        self.assertEqual(10, df3.count())

    def test_infer_schema_to_local(self):
        input = [{"a": 1}, {"b": "coffee"}]
        rdd = self.sc.parallelize(input)
        df = self.spark.createDataFrame(input)
        df2 = self.spark.createDataFrame(rdd, samplingRatio=1.0)
        self.assertEqual(df.schema, df2.schema)

        rdd = self.sc.parallelize(range(10)).map(lambda x: Row(a=x, b=None))
        df3 = self.spark.createDataFrame(rdd, df.schema)
        self.assertEqual(10, df3.count())

    def test_apply_schema_to_dict_and_rows(self):
        schema = StructType().add("a", IntegerType()).add("b", StringType())
        input = [{"a": 1}, {"b": "coffee"}]
        rdd = self.sc.parallelize(input)
        for verify in [False, True]:
            df = self.spark.createDataFrame(input, schema, verifySchema=verify)
            df2 = self.spark.createDataFrame(rdd, schema, verifySchema=verify)
            self.assertEqual(df.schema, df2.schema)

            rdd = self.sc.parallelize(range(10)).map(lambda x: Row(a=x, b=None))
            df3 = self.spark.createDataFrame(rdd, schema, verifySchema=verify)
            self.assertEqual(10, df3.count())
            input = [Row(a=x, b=str(x)) for x in range(10)]
            df4 = self.spark.createDataFrame(input, schema, verifySchema=verify)
            self.assertEqual(10, df4.count())

    def test_create_dataframe_schema_mismatch(self):
        rdd = self.sc.parallelize(range(3)).map(lambda i: Row(a=i))
        schema = StructType([StructField("a", IntegerType()), StructField("b", StringType())])
        df = self.spark.createDataFrame(rdd, schema)
        self.assertRaises(Exception, lambda: df.show())

    def test_infer_schema(self):
        d = [Row(l=[], d={}, s=None),
             Row(l=[Row(a=1, b='s')], d={"key": Row(c=1.0, d="2")}, s="")]
        rdd = self.sc.parallelize(d)
        df = self.spark.createDataFrame(rdd)
        self.assertEqual([], df.rdd.map(lambda r: r.l).first())
        self.assertEqual([None, ""], df.rdd.map(lambda r: r.s).collect())

        with self.tempView("test"):
            df.createOrReplaceTempView("test")
            result = self.spark.sql("SELECT l[0].a from test where d['key'].d = '2'")
            self.assertEqual(1, result.head()[0])

        df2 = self.spark.createDataFrame(rdd, samplingRatio=1.0)
        self.assertEqual(df.schema, df2.schema)
        self.assertEqual({}, df2.rdd.map(lambda r: r.d).first())
        self.assertEqual([None, ""], df2.rdd.map(lambda r: r.s).collect())

        with self.tempView("test2"):
            df2.createOrReplaceTempView("test2")
            result = self.spark.sql("SELECT l[0].a from test2 where d['key'].d = '2'")
            self.assertEqual(1, result.head()[0])

    def test_infer_schema_specification(self):
        from decimal import Decimal

        class A(object):
            def __init__(self):
                self.a = 1

        data = [
            True,
            1,
            "a",
            u"a",
            datetime.date(1970, 1, 1),
            datetime.datetime(1970, 1, 1, 0, 0),
            1.0,
            array.array("d", [1]),
            [1],
            (1, ),
            {"a": 1},
            bytearray(1),
            Decimal(1),
            Row(a=1),
            Row("a")(1),
            A(),
        ]

        df = self.spark.createDataFrame([data])
        actual = list(map(lambda x: x.dataType.simpleString(), df.schema))
        expected = [
            'boolean',
            'bigint',
            'string',
            'string',
            'date',
            'timestamp',
            'double',
            'array<double>',
            'array<bigint>',
            'struct<_1:bigint>',
            'map<string,bigint>',
            'binary',
            'decimal(38,18)',
            'struct<a:bigint>',
            'struct<a:bigint>',
            'struct<a:bigint>',
        ]
        self.assertEqual(actual, expected)

        actual = list(df.first())
        expected = [
            True,
            1,
            'a',
            u"a",
            datetime.date(1970, 1, 1),
            datetime.datetime(1970, 1, 1, 0, 0),
            1.0,
            [1.0],
            [1],
            Row(_1=1),
            {"a": 1},
            bytearray(b'\x00'),
            Decimal('1.000000000000000000'),
            Row(a=1),
            Row(a=1),
            Row(a=1),
        ]
        self.assertEqual(actual, expected)

    def test_infer_schema_not_enough_names(self):
        df = self.spark.createDataFrame([["a", "b"]], ["col1"])
        self.assertEqual(df.columns, ['col1', '_2'])

    def test_infer_schema_fails(self):
        with self.assertRaisesRegex(TypeError, 'field a'):
            self.spark.createDataFrame(self.spark.sparkContext.parallelize([[1, 1], ["x", 1]]),
                                       schema=["a", "b"], samplingRatio=0.99)

    def test_infer_nested_schema(self):
        NestedRow = Row("f1", "f2")
        nestedRdd1 = self.sc.parallelize([NestedRow([1, 2], {"row1": 1.0}),
                                          NestedRow([2, 3], {"row2": 2.0})])
        df = self.spark.createDataFrame(nestedRdd1)
        self.assertEqual(Row(f1=[1, 2], f2={u'row1': 1.0}), df.collect()[0])

        nestedRdd2 = self.sc.parallelize([NestedRow([[1, 2], [2, 3]], [1, 2]),
                                          NestedRow([[2, 3], [3, 4]], [2, 3])])
        df = self.spark.createDataFrame(nestedRdd2)
        self.assertEqual(Row(f1=[[1, 2], [2, 3]], f2=[1, 2]), df.collect()[0])

        from collections import namedtuple
        CustomRow = namedtuple('CustomRow', 'field1 field2')
        rdd = self.sc.parallelize([CustomRow(field1=1, field2="row1"),
                                   CustomRow(field1=2, field2="row2"),
                                   CustomRow(field1=3, field2="row3")])
        df = self.spark.createDataFrame(rdd)
        self.assertEqual(Row(field1=1, field2=u'row1'), df.first())

    def test_create_dataframe_from_dict_respects_schema(self):
        df = self.spark.createDataFrame([{'a': 1}], ["b"])
        self.assertEqual(df.columns, ['b'])

    def test_negative_decimal(self):
        try:
            self.spark.sql("set spark.sql.legacy.allowNegativeScaleOfDecimal=true")
            df = self.spark.createDataFrame([(1, ), (11, )], ["value"])
            ret = df.select(col("value").cast(DecimalType(1, -1))).collect()
            actual = list(map(lambda r: int(r.value), ret))
            self.assertEqual(actual, [0, 10])
        finally:
            self.spark.sql("set spark.sql.legacy.allowNegativeScaleOfDecimal=false")

    def test_create_dataframe_from_objects(self):
        data = [MyObject(1, "1"), MyObject(2, "2")]
        df = self.spark.createDataFrame(data)
        self.assertEqual(df.dtypes, [("key", "bigint"), ("value", "string")])
        self.assertEqual(df.first(), Row(key=1, value="1"))

    def test_apply_schema(self):
        from datetime import date, datetime
        rdd = self.sc.parallelize([(127, -128, -32768, 32767, 2147483647, 1.0,
                                    date(2010, 1, 1), datetime(2010, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1),
                                    {"a": 1}, (2,), [1, 2, 3], None)])
        schema = StructType([
            StructField("byte1", ByteType(), False),
            StructField("byte2", ByteType(), False),
            StructField("short1", ShortType(), False),
            StructField("short2", ShortType(), False),
            StructField("int1", IntegerType(), False),
            StructField("float1", FloatType(), False),
            StructField("date1", DateType(), False),
            StructField("time1", TimestampType(), False),
            StructField("map1", MapType(StringType(), IntegerType(), False), False),
            StructField("struct1", StructType([StructField("b", ShortType(), False)]), False),
            StructField("list1", ArrayType(ByteType(), False), False),
            StructField("null1", DoubleType(), True)])
        df = self.spark.createDataFrame(rdd, schema)
        results = df.rdd.map(lambda x: (x.byte1, x.byte2, x.short1, x.short2, x.int1, x.float1,
                             x.date1, x.time1, x.map1["a"], x.struct1.b, x.list1, x.null1))
        r = (127, -128, -32768, 32767, 2147483647, 1.0, date(2010, 1, 1),
             datetime(2010, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1), 1, 2, [1, 2, 3], None)
        self.assertEqual(r, results.first())

        with self.tempView("table2"):
            df.createOrReplaceTempView("table2")
            r = self.spark.sql("SELECT byte1 - 1 AS byte1, byte2 + 1 AS byte2, " +
                               "short1 + 1 AS short1, short2 - 1 AS short2, int1 - 1 AS int1, " +
                               "float1 + 1.5 as float1 FROM table2").first()

            self.assertEqual((126, -127, -32767, 32766, 2147483646, 2.5), tuple(r))

    def test_convert_row_to_dict(self):
        row = Row(l=[Row(a=1, b='s')], d={"key": Row(c=1.0, d="2")})
        self.assertEqual(1, row.asDict()['l'][0].a)
        df = self.sc.parallelize([row]).toDF()

        with self.tempView("test"):
            df.createOrReplaceTempView("test")
            row = self.spark.sql("select l, d from test").head()
            self.assertEqual(1, row.asDict()["l"][0].a)
            self.assertEqual(1.0, row.asDict()['d']['key'].c)

    def test_udt(self):
        from pyspark.sql.types import _parse_datatype_json_string, _infer_type, _make_type_verifier

        def check_datatype(datatype):
            pickled = pickle.loads(pickle.dumps(datatype))
            assert datatype == pickled
            scala_datatype = self.spark._jsparkSession.parseDataType(datatype.json())
            python_datatype = _parse_datatype_json_string(scala_datatype.json())
            assert datatype == python_datatype

        check_datatype(ExamplePointUDT())
        structtype_with_udt = StructType([StructField("label", DoubleType(), False),
                                          StructField("point", ExamplePointUDT(), False)])
        check_datatype(structtype_with_udt)
        p = ExamplePoint(1.0, 2.0)
        self.assertEqual(_infer_type(p), ExamplePointUDT())
        _make_type_verifier(ExamplePointUDT())(ExamplePoint(1.0, 2.0))
        self.assertRaises(ValueError, lambda: _make_type_verifier(ExamplePointUDT())([1.0, 2.0]))

        check_datatype(PythonOnlyUDT())
        structtype_with_udt = StructType([StructField("label", DoubleType(), False),
                                          StructField("point", PythonOnlyUDT(), False)])
        check_datatype(structtype_with_udt)
        p = PythonOnlyPoint(1.0, 2.0)
        self.assertEqual(_infer_type(p), PythonOnlyUDT())
        _make_type_verifier(PythonOnlyUDT())(PythonOnlyPoint(1.0, 2.0))
        self.assertRaises(
            ValueError,
            lambda: _make_type_verifier(PythonOnlyUDT())([1.0, 2.0]))

    def test_simple_udt_in_df(self):
        schema = StructType().add("key", LongType()).add("val", PythonOnlyUDT())
        df = self.spark.createDataFrame(
            [(i % 3, PythonOnlyPoint(float(i), float(i))) for i in range(10)],
            schema=schema)
        df.collect()

    def test_nested_udt_in_df(self):
        schema = StructType().add("key", LongType()).add("val", ArrayType(PythonOnlyUDT()))
        df = self.spark.createDataFrame(
            [(i % 3, [PythonOnlyPoint(float(i), float(i))]) for i in range(10)],
            schema=schema)
        df.collect()

        schema = StructType().add("key", LongType()).add("val",
                                                         MapType(LongType(), PythonOnlyUDT()))
        df = self.spark.createDataFrame(
            [(i % 3, {i % 3: PythonOnlyPoint(float(i + 1), float(i + 1))}) for i in range(10)],
            schema=schema)
        df.collect()

    def test_complex_nested_udt_in_df(self):
        from pyspark.sql.functions import udf

        schema = StructType().add("key", LongType()).add("val", PythonOnlyUDT())
        df = self.spark.createDataFrame(
            [(i % 3, PythonOnlyPoint(float(i), float(i))) for i in range(10)],
            schema=schema)
        df.collect()

        gd = df.groupby("key").agg({"val": "collect_list"})
        gd.collect()
        udf = udf(lambda k, v: [(k, v[0])], ArrayType(df.schema))
        gd.select(udf(*gd)).collect()

    def test_udt_with_none(self):
        df = self.spark.range(0, 10, 1, 1)

        def myudf(x):
            if x > 0:
                return PythonOnlyPoint(float(x), float(x))

        self.spark.catalog.registerFunction("udf", myudf, PythonOnlyUDT())
        rows = [r[0] for r in df.selectExpr("udf(id)").take(2)]
        self.assertEqual(rows, [None, PythonOnlyPoint(1, 1)])

    def test_infer_schema_with_udt(self):
        row = Row(label=1.0, point=ExamplePoint(1.0, 2.0))
        df = self.spark.createDataFrame([row])
        schema = df.schema
        field = [f for f in schema.fields if f.name == "point"][0]
        self.assertEqual(type(field.dataType), ExamplePointUDT)

        with self.tempView("labeled_point"):
            df.createOrReplaceTempView("labeled_point")
            point = self.spark.sql("SELECT point FROM labeled_point").head().point
            self.assertEqual(point, ExamplePoint(1.0, 2.0))

        row = Row(label=1.0, point=PythonOnlyPoint(1.0, 2.0))
        df = self.spark.createDataFrame([row])
        schema = df.schema
        field = [f for f in schema.fields if f.name == "point"][0]
        self.assertEqual(type(field.dataType), PythonOnlyUDT)

        with self.tempView("labeled_point"):
            df.createOrReplaceTempView("labeled_point")
            point = self.spark.sql("SELECT point FROM labeled_point").head().point
            self.assertEqual(point, PythonOnlyPoint(1.0, 2.0))

    def test_apply_schema_with_udt(self):
        row = (1.0, ExamplePoint(1.0, 2.0))
        schema = StructType([StructField("label", DoubleType(), False),
                             StructField("point", ExamplePointUDT(), False)])
        df = self.spark.createDataFrame([row], schema)
        point = df.head().point
        self.assertEqual(point, ExamplePoint(1.0, 2.0))

        row = (1.0, PythonOnlyPoint(1.0, 2.0))
        schema = StructType([StructField("label", DoubleType(), False),
                             StructField("point", PythonOnlyUDT(), False)])
        df = self.spark.createDataFrame([row], schema)
        point = df.head().point
        self.assertEqual(point, PythonOnlyPoint(1.0, 2.0))

    def test_udf_with_udt(self):
        row = Row(label=1.0, point=ExamplePoint(1.0, 2.0))
        df = self.spark.createDataFrame([row])
        self.assertEqual(1.0, df.rdd.map(lambda r: r.point.x).first())
        udf = UserDefinedFunction(lambda p: p.y, DoubleType())
        self.assertEqual(2.0, df.select(udf(df.point)).first()[0])
        udf2 = UserDefinedFunction(lambda p: ExamplePoint(p.x + 1, p.y + 1), ExamplePointUDT())
        self.assertEqual(ExamplePoint(2.0, 3.0), df.select(udf2(df.point)).first()[0])

        row = Row(label=1.0, point=PythonOnlyPoint(1.0, 2.0))
        df = self.spark.createDataFrame([row])
        self.assertEqual(1.0, df.rdd.map(lambda r: r.point.x).first())
        udf = UserDefinedFunction(lambda p: p.y, DoubleType())
        self.assertEqual(2.0, df.select(udf(df.point)).first()[0])
        udf2 = UserDefinedFunction(lambda p: PythonOnlyPoint(p.x + 1, p.y + 1), PythonOnlyUDT())
        self.assertEqual(PythonOnlyPoint(2.0, 3.0), df.select(udf2(df.point)).first()[0])

    def test_parquet_with_udt(self):
        row = Row(label=1.0, point=ExamplePoint(1.0, 2.0))
        df0 = self.spark.createDataFrame([row])
        output_dir = os.path.join(self.tempdir.name, "labeled_point")
        df0.write.parquet(output_dir)
        df1 = self.spark.read.parquet(output_dir)
        point = df1.head().point
        self.assertEqual(point, ExamplePoint(1.0, 2.0))

        row = Row(label=1.0, point=PythonOnlyPoint(1.0, 2.0))
        df0 = self.spark.createDataFrame([row])
        df0.write.parquet(output_dir, mode='overwrite')
        df1 = self.spark.read.parquet(output_dir)
        point = df1.head().point
        self.assertEqual(point, PythonOnlyPoint(1.0, 2.0))

    def test_union_with_udt(self):
        row1 = (1.0, ExamplePoint(1.0, 2.0))
        row2 = (2.0, ExamplePoint(3.0, 4.0))
        schema = StructType([StructField("label", DoubleType(), False),
                             StructField("point", ExamplePointUDT(), False)])
        df1 = self.spark.createDataFrame([row1], schema)
        df2 = self.spark.createDataFrame([row2], schema)

        result = df1.union(df2).orderBy("label").collect()
        self.assertEqual(
            result,
            [
                Row(label=1.0, point=ExamplePoint(1.0, 2.0)),
                Row(label=2.0, point=ExamplePoint(3.0, 4.0))
            ]
        )

    def test_cast_to_string_with_udt(self):
        from pyspark.sql.functions import col
        row = (ExamplePoint(1.0, 2.0), PythonOnlyPoint(3.0, 4.0))
        schema = StructType([StructField("point", ExamplePointUDT(), False),
                             StructField("pypoint", PythonOnlyUDT(), False)])
        df = self.spark.createDataFrame([row], schema)

        result = df.select(col('point').cast('string'), col('pypoint').cast('string')).head()
        self.assertEqual(result, Row(point=u'(1.0, 2.0)', pypoint=u'[3.0, 4.0]'))

    def test_cast_to_udt_with_udt(self):
        from pyspark.sql.functions import col
        row = Row(point=ExamplePoint(1.0, 2.0), python_only_point=PythonOnlyPoint(1.0, 2.0))
        df = self.spark.createDataFrame([row])
        self.assertRaises(AnalysisException, lambda: df.select(col("point").cast(PythonOnlyUDT())))
        self.assertRaises(AnalysisException,
                          lambda: df.select(col("python_only_point").cast(ExamplePointUDT())))

    def test_struct_type(self):
        struct1 = StructType().add("f1", StringType(), True).add("f2", StringType(), True, None)
        struct2 = StructType([StructField("f1", StringType(), True),
                              StructField("f2", StringType(), True, None)])
        self.assertEqual(struct1.fieldNames(), struct2.names)
        self.assertEqual(struct1, struct2)

        struct1 = StructType().add("f1", StringType(), True).add("f2", StringType(), True, None)
        struct2 = StructType([StructField("f1", StringType(), True)])
        self.assertNotEqual(struct1.fieldNames(), struct2.names)
        self.assertNotEqual(struct1, struct2)

        struct1 = (StructType().add(StructField("f1", StringType(), True))
                   .add(StructField("f2", StringType(), True, None)))
        struct2 = StructType([StructField("f1", StringType(), True),
                              StructField("f2", StringType(), True, None)])
        self.assertEqual(struct1.fieldNames(), struct2.names)
        self.assertEqual(struct1, struct2)

        struct1 = (StructType().add(StructField("f1", StringType(), True))
                   .add(StructField("f2", StringType(), True, None)))
        struct2 = StructType([StructField("f1", StringType(), True)])
        self.assertNotEqual(struct1.fieldNames(), struct2.names)
        self.assertNotEqual(struct1, struct2)

        # Catch exception raised during improper construction
        self.assertRaises(ValueError, lambda: StructType().add("name"))

        struct1 = StructType().add("f1", StringType(), True).add("f2", StringType(), True, None)
        for field in struct1:
            self.assertIsInstance(field, StructField)

        struct1 = StructType().add("f1", StringType(), True).add("f2", StringType(), True, None)
        self.assertEqual(len(struct1), 2)

        struct1 = StructType().add("f1", StringType(), True).add("f2", StringType(), True, None)
        self.assertIs(struct1["f1"], struct1.fields[0])
        self.assertIs(struct1[0], struct1.fields[0])
        self.assertEqual(struct1[0:1], StructType(struct1.fields[0:1]))
        self.assertRaises(KeyError, lambda: struct1["f9"])
        self.assertRaises(IndexError, lambda: struct1[9])
        self.assertRaises(TypeError, lambda: struct1[9.9])

    def test_parse_datatype_string(self):
        from pyspark.sql.types import _all_atomic_types, _parse_datatype_string
        for k, t in _all_atomic_types.items():
            if t != NullType:
                self.assertEqual(t(), _parse_datatype_string(k))
        self.assertEqual(IntegerType(), _parse_datatype_string("int"))
        self.assertEqual(DecimalType(1, 1), _parse_datatype_string("decimal(1  ,1)"))
        self.assertEqual(DecimalType(10, 1), _parse_datatype_string("decimal( 10,1 )"))
        self.assertEqual(DecimalType(11, 1), _parse_datatype_string("decimal(11,1)"))
        self.assertEqual(
            ArrayType(IntegerType()),
            _parse_datatype_string("array<int >"))
        self.assertEqual(
            MapType(IntegerType(), DoubleType()),
            _parse_datatype_string("map< int, double  >"))
        self.assertEqual(
            StructType([StructField("a", IntegerType()), StructField("c", DoubleType())]),
            _parse_datatype_string("struct<a:int, c:double >"))
        self.assertEqual(
            StructType([StructField("a", IntegerType()), StructField("c", DoubleType())]),
            _parse_datatype_string("a:int, c:double"))
        self.assertEqual(
            StructType([StructField("a", IntegerType()), StructField("c", DoubleType())]),
            _parse_datatype_string("a INT, c DOUBLE"))

    def test_metadata_null(self):
        schema = StructType([StructField("f1", StringType(), True, None),
                             StructField("f2", StringType(), True, {'a': None})])
        rdd = self.sc.parallelize([["a", "b"], ["c", "d"]])
        self.spark.createDataFrame(rdd, schema)

    def test_access_nested_types(self):
        df = self.sc.parallelize([Row(l=[1], r=Row(a=1, b="b"), d={"k": "v"})]).toDF()
        self.assertEqual(1, df.select(df.l[0]).first()[0])
        self.assertEqual(1, df.select(df.l.getItem(0)).first()[0])
        self.assertEqual(1, df.select(df.r.a).first()[0])
        self.assertEqual("b", df.select(df.r.getField("b")).first()[0])
        self.assertEqual("v", df.select(df.d["k"]).first()[0])
        self.assertEqual("v", df.select(df.d.getItem("k")).first()[0])

    def test_infer_long_type(self):
        longrow = [Row(f1='a', f2=100000000000000)]
        df = self.sc.parallelize(longrow).toDF()
        self.assertEqual(df.schema.fields[1].dataType, LongType())

        # this saving as Parquet caused issues as well.
        output_dir = os.path.join(self.tempdir.name, "infer_long_type")
        df.write.parquet(output_dir)
        df1 = self.spark.read.parquet(output_dir)
        self.assertEqual('a', df1.first().f1)
        self.assertEqual(100000000000000, df1.first().f2)

        self.assertEqual(_infer_type(1), LongType())
        self.assertEqual(_infer_type(2**10), LongType())
        self.assertEqual(_infer_type(2**20), LongType())
        self.assertEqual(_infer_type(2**31 - 1), LongType())
        self.assertEqual(_infer_type(2**31), LongType())
        self.assertEqual(_infer_type(2**61), LongType())
        self.assertEqual(_infer_type(2**71), LongType())

    def test_infer_binary_type(self):
        binaryrow = [Row(f1='a', f2=b"abcd")]
        df = self.sc.parallelize(binaryrow).toDF()
        self.assertEqual(df.schema.fields[1].dataType, BinaryType())

        # this saving as Parquet caused issues as well.
        output_dir = os.path.join(self.tempdir.name, "infer_binary_type")
        df.write.parquet(output_dir)
        df1 = self.spark.read.parquet(output_dir)
        self.assertEqual('a', df1.first().f1)
        self.assertEqual(b"abcd", df1.first().f2)

        self.assertEqual(_infer_type(b""), BinaryType())
        self.assertEqual(_infer_type(b"1234"), BinaryType())

    def test_merge_type(self):
        self.assertEqual(_merge_type(LongType(), NullType()), LongType())
        self.assertEqual(_merge_type(NullType(), LongType()), LongType())

        self.assertEqual(_merge_type(LongType(), LongType()), LongType())

        self.assertEqual(_merge_type(
            ArrayType(LongType()),
            ArrayType(LongType())
        ), ArrayType(LongType()))
        with self.assertRaisesRegex(TypeError, 'element in array'):
            _merge_type(ArrayType(LongType()), ArrayType(DoubleType()))

        self.assertEqual(_merge_type(
            MapType(StringType(), LongType()),
            MapType(StringType(), LongType())
        ), MapType(StringType(), LongType()))
        with self.assertRaisesRegex(TypeError, 'key of map'):
            _merge_type(
                MapType(StringType(), LongType()),
                MapType(DoubleType(), LongType()))
        with self.assertRaisesRegex(TypeError, 'value of map'):
            _merge_type(
                MapType(StringType(), LongType()),
                MapType(StringType(), DoubleType()))

        self.assertEqual(_merge_type(
            StructType([StructField("f1", LongType()), StructField("f2", StringType())]),
            StructType([StructField("f1", LongType()), StructField("f2", StringType())])
        ), StructType([StructField("f1", LongType()), StructField("f2", StringType())]))
        with self.assertRaisesRegex(TypeError, 'field f1'):
            _merge_type(
                StructType([StructField("f1", LongType()), StructField("f2", StringType())]),
                StructType([StructField("f1", DoubleType()), StructField("f2", StringType())]))

        self.assertEqual(_merge_type(
            StructType([StructField("f1", StructType([StructField("f2", LongType())]))]),
            StructType([StructField("f1", StructType([StructField("f2", LongType())]))])
        ), StructType([StructField("f1", StructType([StructField("f2", LongType())]))]))
        with self.assertRaisesRegex(TypeError, 'field f2 in field f1'):
            _merge_type(
                StructType([StructField("f1", StructType([StructField("f2", LongType())]))]),
                StructType([StructField("f1", StructType([StructField("f2", StringType())]))]))

        self.assertEqual(_merge_type(
            StructType([StructField("f1", ArrayType(LongType())), StructField("f2", StringType())]),
            StructType([StructField("f1", ArrayType(LongType())), StructField("f2", StringType())])
        ), StructType([StructField("f1", ArrayType(LongType())), StructField("f2", StringType())]))
        with self.assertRaisesRegex(TypeError, 'element in array field f1'):
            _merge_type(
                StructType([
                    StructField("f1", ArrayType(LongType())),
                    StructField("f2", StringType())]),
                StructType([
                    StructField("f1", ArrayType(DoubleType())),
                    StructField("f2", StringType())]))

        self.assertEqual(_merge_type(
            StructType([
                StructField("f1", MapType(StringType(), LongType())),
                StructField("f2", StringType())]),
            StructType([
                StructField("f1", MapType(StringType(), LongType())),
                StructField("f2", StringType())])
        ), StructType([
            StructField("f1", MapType(StringType(), LongType())),
            StructField("f2", StringType())]))
        with self.assertRaisesRegex(TypeError, 'value of map field f1'):
            _merge_type(
                StructType([
                    StructField("f1", MapType(StringType(), LongType())),
                    StructField("f2", StringType())]),
                StructType([
                    StructField("f1", MapType(StringType(), DoubleType())),
                    StructField("f2", StringType())]))

        self.assertEqual(_merge_type(
            StructType([StructField("f1", ArrayType(MapType(StringType(), LongType())))]),
            StructType([StructField("f1", ArrayType(MapType(StringType(), LongType())))])
        ), StructType([StructField("f1", ArrayType(MapType(StringType(), LongType())))]))
        with self.assertRaisesRegex(TypeError, 'key of map element in array field f1'):
            _merge_type(
                StructType([StructField("f1", ArrayType(MapType(StringType(), LongType())))]),
                StructType([StructField("f1", ArrayType(MapType(DoubleType(), LongType())))])
            )

    # test for SPARK-16542
    def test_array_types(self):
        # This test need to make sure that the Scala type selected is at least
        # as large as the python's types. This is necessary because python's
        # array types depend on C implementation on the machine. Therefore there
        # is no machine independent correspondence between python's array types
        # and Scala types.
        # See: https://docs.python.org/2/library/array.html

        def assertCollectSuccess(typecode, value):
            row = Row(myarray=array.array(typecode, [value]))
            df = self.spark.createDataFrame([row])
            self.assertEqual(df.first()["myarray"][0], value)

        # supported string types
        #
        # String types in python's array are "u" for Py_UNICODE and "c" for char.
        # "u" will be removed in python 4, and "c" is not supported in python 3.
        supported_string_types = []
        if sys.version_info[0] < 4:
            supported_string_types += ['u']
            # test unicode
            assertCollectSuccess('u', u'a')

        # supported float and double
        #
        # Test max, min, and precision for float and double, assuming IEEE 754
        # floating-point format.
        supported_fractional_types = ['f', 'd']
        assertCollectSuccess('f', ctypes.c_float(1e+38).value)
        assertCollectSuccess('f', ctypes.c_float(1e-38).value)
        assertCollectSuccess('f', ctypes.c_float(1.123456).value)
        assertCollectSuccess('d', sys.float_info.max)
        assertCollectSuccess('d', sys.float_info.min)
        assertCollectSuccess('d', sys.float_info.epsilon)

        # supported signed int types
        #
        # The size of C types changes with implementation, we need to make sure
        # that there is no overflow error on the platform running this test.
        supported_signed_int_types = list(
            set(_array_signed_int_typecode_ctype_mappings.keys())
            .intersection(set(_array_type_mappings.keys())))
        for t in supported_signed_int_types:
            ctype = _array_signed_int_typecode_ctype_mappings[t]
            max_val = 2 ** (ctypes.sizeof(ctype) * 8 - 1)
            assertCollectSuccess(t, max_val - 1)
            assertCollectSuccess(t, -max_val)

        # supported unsigned int types
        #
        # JVM does not have unsigned types. We need to be very careful to make
        # sure that there is no overflow error.
        supported_unsigned_int_types = list(
            set(_array_unsigned_int_typecode_ctype_mappings.keys())
            .intersection(set(_array_type_mappings.keys())))
        for t in supported_unsigned_int_types:
            ctype = _array_unsigned_int_typecode_ctype_mappings[t]
            assertCollectSuccess(t, 2 ** (ctypes.sizeof(ctype) * 8) - 1)

        # all supported types
        #
        # Make sure the types tested above:
        # 1. are all supported types
        # 2. cover all supported types
        supported_types = (supported_string_types +
                           supported_fractional_types +
                           supported_signed_int_types +
                           supported_unsigned_int_types)
        self.assertEqual(set(supported_types), set(_array_type_mappings.keys()))

        # all unsupported types
        #
        # Keys in _array_type_mappings is a complete list of all supported types,
        # and types not in _array_type_mappings are considered unsupported.
        # PyPy seems not having array.typecodes.
        all_types = set(['b', 'B', 'u', 'h', 'H', 'i', 'I', 'l', 'L', 'q', 'Q', 'f', 'd'])
        unsupported_types = all_types - set(supported_types)
        # test unsupported types
        for t in unsupported_types:
            with self.assertRaisesRegex(TypeError, "infer the type of the field myarray"):
                a = array.array(t)
                self.spark.createDataFrame([Row(myarray=a)]).collect()


class DataTypeTests(unittest.TestCase):
    # regression test for SPARK-6055
    def test_data_type_eq(self):
        lt = LongType()
        lt2 = pickle.loads(pickle.dumps(LongType()))
        self.assertEqual(lt, lt2)

    # regression test for SPARK-7978
    def test_decimal_type(self):
        t1 = DecimalType()
        t2 = DecimalType(10, 2)
        self.assertTrue(t2 is not t1)
        self.assertNotEqual(t1, t2)
        t3 = DecimalType(8)
        self.assertNotEqual(t2, t3)

    # regression test for SPARK-10392
    def test_datetype_equal_zero(self):
        dt = DateType()
        self.assertEqual(dt.fromInternal(0), datetime.date(1970, 1, 1))

    # regression test for SPARK-17035
    def test_timestamp_microsecond(self):
        tst = TimestampType()
        self.assertEqual(tst.toInternal(datetime.datetime.max) % 1000000, 999999)

    # regression test for SPARK-23299
    def test_row_without_column_name(self):
        row = Row("Alice", 11)
        self.assertEqual(repr(row), "<Row('Alice', 11)>")

        # test __repr__ with unicode values
        self.assertEqual(repr(Row("数", "量")), "<Row('数', '量')>")

    def test_empty_row(self):
        row = Row()
        self.assertEqual(len(row), 0)

    def test_struct_field_type_name(self):
        struct_field = StructField("a", IntegerType())
        self.assertRaises(TypeError, struct_field.typeName)

    def test_invalid_create_row(self):
        row_class = Row("c1", "c2")
        self.assertRaises(ValueError, lambda: row_class(1, 2, 3))


class DataTypeVerificationTests(unittest.TestCase):

    def test_verify_type_exception_msg(self):
        self.assertRaisesRegex(
            ValueError,
            "test_name",
            lambda: _make_type_verifier(StringType(), nullable=False, name="test_name")(None))

        schema = StructType([StructField('a', StructType([StructField('b', IntegerType())]))])
        self.assertRaisesRegex(
            TypeError,
            "field b in field a",
            lambda: _make_type_verifier(schema)([["data"]]))

    def test_verify_type_ok_nullable(self):
        obj = None
        types = [IntegerType(), FloatType(), StringType(), StructType([])]
        for data_type in types:
            try:
                _make_type_verifier(data_type, nullable=True)(obj)
            except Exception:
                self.fail("verify_type(%s, %s, nullable=True)" % (obj, data_type))

    def test_verify_type_not_nullable(self):
        import array
        import datetime
        import decimal

        schema = StructType([
            StructField('s', StringType(), nullable=False),
            StructField('i', IntegerType(), nullable=True)])

        class MyObj:
            def __init__(self, **kwargs):
                for k, v in kwargs.items():
                    setattr(self, k, v)

        # obj, data_type
        success_spec = [
            # String
            ("", StringType()),
            (u"", StringType()),
            (1, StringType()),
            (1.0, StringType()),
            ([], StringType()),
            ({}, StringType()),

            # UDT
            (ExamplePoint(1.0, 2.0), ExamplePointUDT()),

            # Boolean
            (True, BooleanType()),

            # Byte
            (-(2**7), ByteType()),
            (2**7 - 1, ByteType()),

            # Short
            (-(2**15), ShortType()),
            (2**15 - 1, ShortType()),

            # Integer
            (-(2**31), IntegerType()),
            (2**31 - 1, IntegerType()),

            # Long
            (-(2**63), LongType()),
            (2**63 - 1, LongType()),

            # Float & Double
            (1.0, FloatType()),
            (1.0, DoubleType()),

            # Decimal
            (decimal.Decimal("1.0"), DecimalType()),

            # Binary
            (bytearray([1, 2]), BinaryType()),

            # Date/Timestamp
            (datetime.date(2000, 1, 2), DateType()),
            (datetime.datetime(2000, 1, 2, 3, 4), DateType()),
            (datetime.datetime(2000, 1, 2, 3, 4), TimestampType()),

            # Array
            ([], ArrayType(IntegerType())),
            (["1", None], ArrayType(StringType(), containsNull=True)),
            ([1, 2], ArrayType(IntegerType())),
            ((1, 2), ArrayType(IntegerType())),
            (array.array('h', [1, 2]), ArrayType(IntegerType())),

            # Map
            ({}, MapType(StringType(), IntegerType())),
            ({"a": 1}, MapType(StringType(), IntegerType())),
            ({"a": None}, MapType(StringType(), IntegerType(), valueContainsNull=True)),

            # Struct
            ({"s": "a", "i": 1}, schema),
            ({"s": "a", "i": None}, schema),
            ({"s": "a"}, schema),
            ({"s": "a", "f": 1.0}, schema),
            (Row(s="a", i=1), schema),
            (Row(s="a", i=None), schema),
            (["a", 1], schema),
            (["a", None], schema),
            (("a", 1), schema),
            (MyObj(s="a", i=1), schema),
            (MyObj(s="a", i=None), schema),
            (MyObj(s="a"), schema),
        ]

        # obj, data_type, exception class
        failure_spec = [
            # String (match anything but None)
            (None, StringType(), ValueError),

            # UDT
            (ExamplePoint(1.0, 2.0), PythonOnlyUDT(), ValueError),

            # Boolean
            (1, BooleanType(), TypeError),
            ("True", BooleanType(), TypeError),
            ([1], BooleanType(), TypeError),

            # Byte
            (-(2**7) - 1, ByteType(), ValueError),
            (2**7, ByteType(), ValueError),
            ("1", ByteType(), TypeError),
            (1.0, ByteType(), TypeError),

            # Short
            (-(2**15) - 1, ShortType(), ValueError),
            (2**15, ShortType(), ValueError),

            # Integer
            (-(2**31) - 1, IntegerType(), ValueError),
            (2**31, IntegerType(), ValueError),

            # Float & Double
            (1, FloatType(), TypeError),
            (1, DoubleType(), TypeError),

            # Decimal
            (1.0, DecimalType(), TypeError),
            (1, DecimalType(), TypeError),
            ("1.0", DecimalType(), TypeError),

            # Binary
            (1, BinaryType(), TypeError),

            # Date/Timestamp
            ("2000-01-02", DateType(), TypeError),
            (946811040, TimestampType(), TypeError),

            # Array
            (["1", None], ArrayType(StringType(), containsNull=False), ValueError),
            ([1, "2"], ArrayType(IntegerType()), TypeError),

            # Map
            ({"a": 1}, MapType(IntegerType(), IntegerType()), TypeError),
            ({"a": "1"}, MapType(StringType(), IntegerType()), TypeError),
            ({"a": None}, MapType(StringType(), IntegerType(), valueContainsNull=False),
             ValueError),

            # Struct
            ({"s": "a", "i": "1"}, schema, TypeError),
            (Row(s="a"), schema, ValueError),     # Row can't have missing field
            (Row(s="a", i="1"), schema, TypeError),
            (["a"], schema, ValueError),
            (["a", "1"], schema, TypeError),
            (MyObj(s="a", i="1"), schema, TypeError),
            (MyObj(s=None, i="1"), schema, ValueError),
        ]

        # Check success cases
        for obj, data_type in success_spec:
            try:
                _make_type_verifier(data_type, nullable=False)(obj)
            except Exception:
                self.fail("verify_type(%s, %s, nullable=False)" % (obj, data_type))

        # Check failure cases
        for obj, data_type, exp in failure_spec:
            msg = "verify_type(%s, %s, nullable=False) == %s" % (obj, data_type, exp)
            with self.assertRaises(exp, msg=msg):
                _make_type_verifier(data_type, nullable=False)(obj)

    def test_row_without_field_sorting(self):
        r = Row(b=1, a=2)
        TestRow = Row("b", "a")
        expected = TestRow(1, 2)

        self.assertEqual(r, expected)
        self.assertEqual(repr(r), "Row(b=1, a=2)")


if __name__ == "__main__":
    from pyspark.sql.tests.test_types import *  # noqa: F401

    try:
        import xmlrunner  # type: ignore[import]
        testRunner = xmlrunner.XMLTestRunner(output='target/test-reports', verbosity=2)
    except ImportError:
        testRunner = None
    unittest.main(testRunner=testRunner, verbosity=2)
