/* SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-2-Clause */

/* Copyright (C) 2022-2026 Mintsuki and contributors.
 *
 * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
 * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:
 *
 * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice,
 *    this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
 *
 * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice,
 *    this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation
 *    and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
 *
 * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS"
 * AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
 * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
 * ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT HOLDER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE
 * LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR
 * CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF
 * SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS
 * INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN
 * CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE)
 * ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE
 * POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
 */

#ifdef __cplusplus
#error "Please do not compile Flanterm as C++ code! Flanterm should be compiled as C99 or newer."
#endif

#ifndef __STDC_VERSION__
#error "Flanterm must be compiled as C99 or newer."
#endif

#if defined(_MSC_VER)
#define ALWAYS_INLINE __forceinline
#elif defined(__GNUC__) || defined(__clang__)
#define ALWAYS_INLINE __attribute__((always_inline)) inline
#else
#define ALWAYS_INLINE inline
#endif

#include <stdint.h>
#include <stddef.h>
#include <stdbool.h>

#ifndef FLANTERM_IN_FLANTERM
#define FLANTERM_IN_FLANTERM
#endif

#include "../flanterm.h"
#include "fb.h"

void *memset(void *, int, size_t);
void *memcpy(void *, const void *, size_t);

#if defined(__GNUC__) || defined(__clang__)
#define memset __builtin_memset
#define memcpy __builtin_memcpy
#endif

static bool mul_size_overflow(size_t a, size_t b, size_t *out) {
    if (a != 0 && b > SIZE_MAX / a) {
        return true;
    }
    *out = a * b;
    return false;
}

#ifndef FLANTERM_FB_DISABLE_BUMP_ALLOC

#ifndef FLANTERM_FB_BUMP_ALLOC_POOL_SIZE
#define FLANTERM_FB_BUMP_ALLOC_POOL_SIZE 873000
#endif

#ifndef FLANTERM_FB_BUMP_ALLOC_ASPECT_WIDTH
#define FLANTERM_FB_BUMP_ALLOC_ASPECT_WIDTH 16
#endif

#ifndef FLANTERM_FB_BUMP_ALLOC_ASPECT_HEIGHT
#define FLANTERM_FB_BUMP_ALLOC_ASPECT_HEIGHT 10
#endif

static uint8_t bump_alloc_pool[FLANTERM_FB_BUMP_ALLOC_POOL_SIZE];
static size_t bump_alloc_ptr = 0;
static bool bump_alloc_base_offset_added = false;

static void *bump_alloc(size_t s) {
    if (!bump_alloc_base_offset_added) {
        if ((uintptr_t)bump_alloc_pool & 0xf) {
            bump_alloc_ptr += 0x10 - ((uintptr_t)bump_alloc_pool & 0xf);
        }
        bump_alloc_base_offset_added = true;
    }

    if ((s & 0xf) != 0) {
        s += 0x10;
        s &= ~(size_t)0xf;
    }

    size_t next_ptr = bump_alloc_ptr + s;
    if (next_ptr > FLANTERM_FB_BUMP_ALLOC_POOL_SIZE) {
        return NULL;
    }
    void *ret = &bump_alloc_pool[bump_alloc_ptr];
    bump_alloc_ptr = next_ptr;
    return ret;
}

static bool bump_allocated_instance = false;

/* Compute the largest terminal with aspect ratio aw:ah (W = aw*k, H = ah*k)
 * that the bump pool can hold assuming the built-in 8x16 font with its forced
 * 1-pixel spacing (i.e. a 9x16 cell), so that the default quick-start path
 * always fits. A custom font with a smaller glyph may make bump_alloc return
 * NULL at init time, matching the pre-auto-calc hardcoded-limit behaviour.
 * aw and ah are first reduced by their GCD so that k parameterises the
 * tightest possible integer grid. */
static void bump_pool_limits(size_t *width_limit, size_t *height_limit) {
    const size_t fixed_bytes =
        sizeof(struct flanterm_fb_context) +
        FLANTERM_FB_FONT_GLYPHS * 16 +                    /* font_bits  */
        FLANTERM_FB_FONT_GLYPHS * 16 * 9 * sizeof(bool) + /* font_bool  */
        7 * 16;                                           /* bump alignment padding */

    const size_t per_cell_bytes =
        sizeof(struct flanterm_fb_char) +
        sizeof(struct flanterm_fb_queue_item) +
        sizeof(struct flanterm_fb_queue_item *);

    const size_t glyph_w = 9;
    const size_t glyph_h = 16;

    size_t aw = FLANTERM_FB_BUMP_ALLOC_ASPECT_WIDTH;
    size_t ah = FLANTERM_FB_BUMP_ALLOC_ASPECT_HEIGHT;
    {
        size_t a = aw, b = ah;
        while (b != 0) {
            size_t t = b;
            b = a % b;
            a = t;
        }
        if (a != 0) {
            aw /= a;
            ah /= a;
        }
    }

    size_t usable = FLANTERM_FB_BUMP_ALLOC_POOL_SIZE > fixed_bytes
        ? FLANTERM_FB_BUMP_ALLOC_POOL_SIZE - fixed_bytes
        : 0;
    size_t cap_cells = per_cell_bytes != 0 ? usable / per_cell_bytes : 0;

    /* Find the largest k for which the integer-floor cell count
     * (aw*k / glyph_w) * (ah*k / glyph_h) still fits in cap_cells. Grows
     * monotonically with k; step from 0 upward, guarding against overflow
     * so the loop always terminates. */
    size_t k = 0;
    if (aw != 0 && ah != 0 && cap_cells != 0) {
        for (;;) {
            size_t next = k + 1;
            size_t cells_w = aw * next / glyph_w;
            size_t cells_h = ah * next / glyph_h;
            if (cells_h != 0 && cells_w > (size_t)-1 / cells_h) break;
            size_t cells = cells_w * cells_h;
            if (cells > cap_cells) break;
            k = next;
        }
    }

    *width_limit  = aw * k;
    *height_limit = ah * k;
}

#endif

// Builtin font originally taken from:
// https://github.com/viler-int10h/vga-text-mode-fonts/raw/master/FONTS/PC-OTHER/TOSH-SAT.F16
static const uint8_t builtin_font[] = {
  0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
  0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x3c, 0x42, 0x81, 0x81, 0xa5, 0xa5, 0x81,
  0x81, 0xa5, 0x99, 0x81, 0x42, 0x3c, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x3c, 0x7e, 0xff,
  0xff, 0xdb, 0xdb, 0xff, 0xff, 0xdb, 0xe7, 0xff, 0x7e, 0x3c, 0x00, 0x00,
  0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x6c, 0xfe, 0xfe, 0xfe, 0x7c, 0x7c, 0x38, 0x38, 0x10,
  0x10, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x10, 0x10, 0x38, 0x38, 0x7c, 0x7c, 0xfe,
  0x7c, 0x7c, 0x38, 0x38, 0x10, 0x10, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x18,
  0x3c, 0x3c, 0xdb, 0xff, 0xff, 0xdb, 0x18, 0x18, 0x3c, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
  0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x18, 0x3c, 0x7e, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0x66, 0x18, 0x18,
  0x3c, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x30, 0x78,
  0x78, 0x30, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff,
  0xff, 0xff, 0xe7, 0xc3, 0xc3, 0xe7, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff,
  0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x78, 0xcc, 0x84, 0x84, 0xcc, 0x78, 0x00,
  0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xc3, 0x99, 0xbd,
  0xbd, 0x99, 0xc3, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x1e,
  0x0e, 0x1e, 0x32, 0x78, 0xcc, 0xcc, 0xcc, 0x78, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
  0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x78, 0xcc, 0xcc, 0xcc, 0x78, 0x30, 0xfc, 0x30, 0x30,
  0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x10, 0x18, 0x1c, 0x1e, 0x16, 0x12,
  0x10, 0x10, 0x70, 0xf0, 0xe0, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x30, 0x38, 0x2c,
  0x26, 0x32, 0x3a, 0x2e, 0x26, 0x22, 0x62, 0xe2, 0xc6, 0x0e, 0x0c, 0x00,
  0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x18, 0x18, 0xdb, 0x3c, 0xe7, 0x3c, 0xdb, 0x18, 0x18,
  0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x80, 0xc0, 0xe0, 0xf8, 0xfe,
  0xf8, 0xe0, 0xc0, 0x80, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x02,
  0x06, 0x0e, 0x3e, 0xfe, 0x3e, 0x0e, 0x06, 0x02, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
  0x00, 0x00, 0x30, 0x78, 0xfc, 0x30, 0x30, 0x30, 0x30, 0x30, 0xfc, 0x78,
  0x30, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0xcc, 0xcc, 0xcc, 0xcc, 0xcc, 0xcc,
  0xcc, 0xcc, 0x00, 0xcc, 0xcc, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x7f, 0xdb,
  0xdb, 0xdb, 0xdb, 0x7b, 0x1b, 0x1b, 0x1b, 0x1b, 0x1b, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
  0x00, 0x00, 0x7c, 0xc6, 0x60, 0x38, 0x6c, 0xc6, 0xc6, 0x6c, 0x38, 0x0c,
  0xc6, 0x7c, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
  0x00, 0x00, 0xfe, 0xfe, 0xfe, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x30, 0x78,
  0xfc, 0x30, 0x30, 0x30, 0x30, 0x30, 0xfc, 0x78, 0x30, 0xfc, 0x00, 0x00,
  0x00, 0x00, 0x30, 0x78, 0xfc, 0x30, 0x30, 0x30, 0x30, 0x30, 0x30, 0x30,
  0x30, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x30, 0x30, 0x30, 0x30, 0x30, 0x30,
  0x30, 0x30, 0xfc, 0x78, 0x30, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
  0x00, 0x18, 0x0c, 0xfe, 0xfe, 0x0c, 0x18, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
  0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x30, 0x60, 0xfe, 0xfe, 0x60, 0x30, 0x00,
  0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0xc0,
  0xc0, 0xc0, 0xfe, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
  0x00, 0x24, 0x66, 0xff, 0xff, 0x66, 0x24, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
  0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x10, 0x10, 0x38, 0x38, 0x7c, 0x7c, 0xfe, 0xfe,
  0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0xfe, 0xfe, 0x7c, 0x7c,
  0x38, 0x38, 0x10, 0x10, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
  0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
  0x00, 0x00, 0x30, 0x78, 0x78, 0x78, 0x78, 0x30, 0x30, 0x30, 0x00, 0x30,
  0x30, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0xcc, 0xcc, 0xcc, 0xcc, 0xcc, 0x00,
  0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x6c, 0x6c,
  0x6c, 0xfe, 0x6c, 0x6c, 0x6c, 0xfe, 0x6c, 0x6c, 0x6c, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
  0x00, 0x18, 0x18, 0x7c, 0xc6, 0xc0, 0xc0, 0x7c, 0x06, 0x06, 0xc6, 0x7c,
  0x18, 0x18, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0xc6, 0xc6, 0x0c, 0x0c, 0x18, 0x38,
  0x30, 0x60, 0x60, 0xc6, 0xc6, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x38, 0x6c,
  0x6c, 0x38, 0x30, 0x76, 0xde, 0xcc, 0xcc, 0xde, 0x76, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
  0x00, 0x00, 0x18, 0x18, 0x18, 0x30, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
  0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x18, 0x30, 0x60, 0x60, 0x60, 0x60,
  0x60, 0x60, 0x60, 0x30, 0x18, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x60, 0x30,
  0x18, 0x18, 0x18, 0x18, 0x18, 0x18, 0x18, 0x30, 0x60, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
  0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x6c, 0x38, 0xfe, 0x38, 0x6c, 0x00, 0x00,
  0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x18, 0x18, 0x7e,
  0x18, 0x18, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
  0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x18, 0x18, 0x30, 0x00, 0x00,
  0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0xfe, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
  0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
  0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x18, 0x18, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x06, 0x06,
  0x0c, 0x0c, 0x18, 0x38, 0x30, 0x60, 0x60, 0xc0, 0xc0, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
  0x00, 0x00, 0x7c, 0xc6, 0xc6, 0xc6, 0xd6, 0xd6, 0xd6, 0xc6, 0xc6, 0xc6,
  0x7c, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x18, 0x38, 0x78, 0x18, 0x18, 0x18,
  0x18, 0x18, 0x18, 0x18, 0x7e, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x7c, 0xc6,
  0x06, 0x06, 0x0c, 0x18, 0x30, 0x60, 0xc0, 0xc0, 0xfe, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
  0x00, 0x00, 0x7c, 0xc6, 0x06, 0x06, 0x3c, 0x06, 0x06, 0x06, 0x06, 0xc6,
  0x7c, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x04, 0x0c, 0x1c, 0x3c, 0x6c, 0xcc,
  0xfe, 0x0c, 0x0c, 0x0c, 0x0c, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0xfe, 0xc0,
  0xc0, 0xc0, 0xfc, 0x06, 0x06, 0x06, 0x06, 0xc6, 0x7c, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
  0x00, 0x00, 0x3c, 0x60, 0xc0, 0xc0, 0xfc, 0xc6, 0xc6, 0xc6, 0xc6, 0xc6,
  0x7c, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0xfe, 0xc6, 0x06, 0x06, 0x0c, 0x18,
  0x30, 0x30, 0x30, 0x30, 0x30, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x7c, 0xc6,
  0xc6, 0xc6, 0x7c, 0xc6, 0xc6, 0xc6, 0xc6, 0xc6, 0x7c, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
  0x00, 0x00, 0x7c, 0xc6, 0xc6, 0xc6, 0xc6, 0x7e, 0x06, 0x06, 0x06, 0x0c,
  0x78, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x18,
  0x18, 0x00, 0x00, 0x18, 0x18, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
  0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x18, 0x18, 0x00, 0x00, 0x18, 0x18, 0x30, 0x00, 0x00,
  0x00, 0x00, 0x06, 0x0c, 0x18, 0x30, 0x60, 0xc0, 0x60, 0x30, 0x18, 0x0c,
  0x06, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0xfe, 0x00,
  0xfe, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0xc0, 0x60,
  0x30, 0x18, 0x0c, 0x06, 0x0c, 0x18, 0x30, 0x60, 0xc0, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
  0x00, 0x00, 0x7c, 0xc6, 0xc6, 0x06, 0x0c, 0x18, 0x30, 0x30, 0x00, 0x30,
  0x30, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x7c, 0xc6, 0xc6, 0xc6, 0xde, 0xde,
  0xde, 0xde, 0xc0, 0xc0, 0x7e, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x38, 0x6c,
  0xc6, 0xc6, 0xc6, 0xc6, 0xfe, 0xc6, 0xc6, 0xc6, 0xc6, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
  0x00, 0x00, 0xfc, 0xc6, 0xc6, 0xc6, 0xfc, 0xc6, 0xc6, 0xc6, 0xc6, 0xc6,
  0xfc, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x7c, 0xc6, 0xc0, 0xc0, 0xc0, 0xc0,
  0xc0, 0xc0, 0xc0, 0xc6, 0x7c, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0xf8, 0xcc,
  0xc6, 0xc6, 0xc6, 0xc6, 0xc6, 0xc6, 0xc6, 0xcc, 0xf8, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
  0x00, 0x00, 0xfe, 0xc0, 0xc0, 0xc0, 0xfc, 0xc0, 0xc0, 0xc0, 0xc0, 0xc0,
  0xfe, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0xfe, 0xc0, 0xc0, 0xc0, 0xfc, 0xc0,
  0xc0, 0xc0, 0xc0, 0xc0, 0xc0, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x7c, 0xc6,
  0xc0, 0xc0, 0xc0, 0xde, 0xc6, 0xc6, 0xc6, 0xc6, 0x7e, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
  0x00, 0x00, 0xc6, 0xc6, 0xc6, 0xc6, 0xc6, 0xfe, 0xc6, 0xc6, 0xc6, 0xc6,
  0xc6, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0xfc, 0x30, 0x30, 0x30, 0x30, 0x30,
  0x30, 0x30, 0x30, 0x30, 0xfc, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x1e, 0x0c,
  0x0c, 0x0c, 0x0c, 0x0c, 0x0c, 0x0c, 0xcc, 0xcc, 0x78, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
  0x00, 0x00, 0xc6, 0xc6, 0xcc, 0xd8, 0xf0, 0xe0, 0xf0, 0xd8, 0xcc, 0xc6,
  0xc6, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0xc0, 0xc0, 0xc0, 0xc0, 0xc0, 0xc0,
  0xc0, 0xc0, 0xc0, 0xc0, 0xfe, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0xc6, 0xc6,
  0xee, 0xfe, 0xd6, 0xd6, 0xd6, 0xc6, 0xc6, 0xc6, 0xc6, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
  0x00, 0x00, 0xc6, 0xc6, 0xe6, 0xe6, 0xf6, 0xde, 0xce, 0xce, 0xc6, 0xc6,
  0xc6, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x7c, 0xc6, 0xc6, 0xc6, 0xc6, 0xc6,
  0xc6, 0xc6, 0xc6, 0xc6, 0x7c, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0xfc, 0xc6,
  0xc6, 0xc6, 0xc6, 0xfc, 0xc0, 0xc0, 0xc0, 0xc0, 0xc0, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
  0x00, 0x00, 0x7c, 0xc6, 0xc6, 0xc6, 0xc6, 0xc6, 0xc6, 0xc6, 0xf6, 0xda,
  0x6c, 0x06, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0xfc, 0xc6, 0xc6, 0xc6, 0xc6, 0xfc,
  0xd8, 0xcc, 0xcc, 0xc6, 0xc6, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x7c, 0xc6,
  0xc0, 0x60, 0x30, 0x18, 0x0c, 0x06, 0x06, 0xc6, 0x7c, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
  0x00, 0x00, 0xff, 0x18, 0x18, 0x18, 0x18, 0x18, 0x18, 0x18, 0x18, 0x18,
  0x18, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0xc6, 0xc6, 0xc6, 0xc6, 0xc6, 0xc6,
  0xc6, 0xc6, 0xc6, 0xc6, 0x7c, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0xc6, 0xc6,
  0xc6, 0xc6, 0xc6, 0xc6, 0xc6, 0xc6, 0x6c, 0x38, 0x10, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
  0x00, 0x00, 0xc6, 0xc6, 0xc6, 0xc6, 0xd6, 0xd6, 0xd6, 0xd6, 0xfe, 0x6c,
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  0x00, 0xff, 0xff, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
  0x00, 0xff, 0xff, 0x00, 0x00, 0xf7, 0xf7, 0x36, 0x36, 0x36, 0x36, 0x36,
  0x36, 0x36, 0x36, 0x36, 0x36, 0x37, 0x37, 0x30, 0x30, 0x37, 0x37, 0x36,
  0x36, 0x36, 0x36, 0x36, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0xff, 0xff, 0x00,
  0x00, 0xff, 0xff, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x36, 0x36, 0x36, 0x36,
  0x36, 0xf7, 0xf7, 0x00, 0x00, 0xf7, 0xf7, 0x36, 0x36, 0x36, 0x36, 0x36,
  0x18, 0x18, 0x18, 0x18, 0x18, 0xff, 0xff, 0x00, 0x00, 0xff, 0xff, 0x00,
  0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x36, 0x36, 0x36, 0x36, 0x36, 0x36, 0x36, 0xff,
  0xff, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
  0x00, 0xff, 0xff, 0x00, 0x00, 0xff, 0xff, 0x18, 0x18, 0x18, 0x18, 0x18,
  0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0xff, 0xff, 0x36, 0x36, 0x36,
  0x36, 0x36, 0x36, 0x36, 0x36, 0x36, 0x36, 0x36, 0x36, 0x36, 0x36, 0x3f,
  0x3f, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x18, 0x18, 0x18, 0x18,
  0x18, 0x1f, 0x1f, 0x18, 0x18, 0x1f, 0x1f, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
  0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x1f, 0x1f, 0x18, 0x18, 0x1f, 0x1f, 0x18,
  0x18, 0x18, 0x18, 0x18, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x3f,
  0x3f, 0x36, 0x36, 0x36, 0x36, 0x36, 0x36, 0x36, 0x36, 0x36, 0x36, 0x36,
  0x36, 0x36, 0x36, 0xff, 0xff, 0x36, 0x36, 0x36, 0x36, 0x36, 0x36, 0x36,
  0x18, 0x18, 0x18, 0x18, 0x18, 0xff, 0xff, 0x18, 0x18, 0xff, 0xff, 0x18,
  0x18, 0x18, 0x18, 0x18, 0x18, 0x18, 0x18, 0x18, 0x18, 0x18, 0x18, 0xf8,
  0xf8, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
  0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x1f, 0x1f, 0x18, 0x18, 0x18, 0x18, 0x18, 0x18, 0x18,
  0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff,
  0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
  0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xf0, 0xf0, 0xf0, 0xf0,
  0xf0, 0xf0, 0xf0, 0xf0, 0xf0, 0xf0, 0xf0, 0xf0, 0xf0, 0xf0, 0xf0, 0xf0,
  0x0f, 0x0f, 0x0f, 0x0f, 0x0f, 0x0f, 0x0f, 0x0f, 0x0f, 0x0f, 0x0f, 0x0f,
  0x0f, 0x0f, 0x0f, 0x0f, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff,
  0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
  0x00, 0x76, 0xd6, 0xdc, 0xc8, 0xc8, 0xdc, 0xd6, 0x76, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
  0x00, 0x00, 0x78, 0xcc, 0xcc, 0xcc, 0xd8, 0xcc, 0xcc, 0xcc, 0xcc, 0xcc,
  0xd8, 0xc0, 0xc0, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0xfe, 0xc6, 0xc6, 0xc0, 0xc0, 0xc0,
  0xc0, 0xc0, 0xc0, 0xc0, 0xc0, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
  0x00, 0x7e, 0xfe, 0x24, 0x24, 0x24, 0x24, 0x66, 0xc6, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
  0x00, 0x00, 0xfe, 0xfe, 0xc2, 0x60, 0x30, 0x18, 0x30, 0x60, 0xc2, 0xfe,
  0xfe, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x7e, 0xc8, 0xcc,
  0xcc, 0xcc, 0xcc, 0xcc, 0x78, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
  0x00, 0x66, 0x66, 0x66, 0x66, 0x66, 0x66, 0x76, 0x6c, 0x60, 0xc0, 0x00,
  0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x66, 0xfc, 0x98, 0x18, 0x18, 0x18, 0x18,
  0x18, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0xfc, 0x30, 0x30, 0x78, 0xcc, 0xcc,
  0xcc, 0x78, 0x30, 0x30, 0xfc, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x38, 0x6c,
  0xc6, 0xc6, 0xc6, 0xfe, 0xc6, 0xc6, 0xc6, 0x6c, 0x38, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
  0x00, 0x00, 0x38, 0x6c, 0xc6, 0xc6, 0xc6, 0xc6, 0xc6, 0x6c, 0x6c, 0x6c,
  0xee, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x78, 0xcc, 0x60, 0x30, 0x78, 0xcc,
  0xcc, 0xcc, 0xcc, 0xcc, 0x78, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
  0x00, 0x76, 0xbb, 0x99, 0x99, 0xdd, 0x6e, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
  0x00, 0x00, 0x02, 0x06, 0x3c, 0x6c, 0xce, 0xd6, 0xd6, 0xe6, 0x6c, 0x78,
  0xc0, 0x80, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x1e, 0x30, 0x60, 0xc0, 0xc0, 0xfe,
  0xc0, 0xc0, 0x60, 0x30, 0x1e, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x38, 0x6c,
  0xc6, 0xc6, 0xc6, 0xc6, 0xc6, 0xc6, 0xc6, 0xc6, 0xc6, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
  0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0xfe, 0x00, 0x00, 0xfe, 0x00, 0x00, 0xfe, 0x00,
  0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x30, 0x30, 0xfc,
  0x30, 0x30, 0x00, 0x00, 0xfc, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
  0x60, 0x30, 0x18, 0x0c, 0x18, 0x30, 0x60, 0x00, 0xfc, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
  0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x18, 0x30, 0x60, 0xc0, 0x60, 0x30, 0x18, 0x00,
  0xfc, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x1c, 0x36, 0x36, 0x30, 0x30, 0x30,
  0x30, 0x30, 0x30, 0x30, 0x30, 0x30, 0x30, 0x30, 0x18, 0x18, 0x18, 0x18,
  0x18, 0x18, 0x18, 0x18, 0x18, 0x18, 0xd8, 0xd8, 0x70, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
  0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x30, 0x30, 0x00, 0xfc, 0x00, 0x30, 0x30, 0x00,
  0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x76, 0xdc, 0x00,
  0x76, 0xdc, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x78, 0xcc, 0xcc,
  0xcc, 0x78, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
  0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x30, 0x30, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
  0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x30,
  0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x0f, 0x0c, 0x0c,
  0x0c, 0x0c, 0x0c, 0x0c, 0x0c, 0xcc, 0x6c, 0x3c, 0x1c, 0x0c, 0x00, 0x00,
  0x00, 0xd8, 0xec, 0xcc, 0xcc, 0xcc, 0xcc, 0xcc, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
  0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x38, 0x6c, 0x0c, 0x18, 0x30, 0x60, 0x7c,
  0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
  0x78, 0x78, 0x78, 0x78, 0x78, 0x78, 0x78, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
  0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
  0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00
};

static ALWAYS_INLINE uint32_t convert_colour(struct flanterm_context *_ctx, uint32_t colour) {
    struct flanterm_fb_context *ctx = (void *)_ctx;
    uint32_t r = (colour >> 16) & 0xff;
    uint32_t g = (colour >> 8) & 0xff;
    uint32_t b =  colour & 0xff;
    uint32_t ret = (r << ctx->red_mask_shift) | (g << ctx->green_mask_shift) | (b << ctx->blue_mask_shift);
    if (ctx->red_mask_size > 8) {
        ret |= (r >> (16 - ctx->red_mask_size)) << (ctx->red_mask_shift - ctx->red_mask_size + 8);
    }
    if (ctx->green_mask_size > 8) {
        ret |= (g >> (16 - ctx->green_mask_size)) << (ctx->green_mask_shift - ctx->green_mask_size + 8);
    }
    if (ctx->blue_mask_size > 8) {
        ret |= (b >> (16 - ctx->blue_mask_size)) << (ctx->blue_mask_shift - ctx->blue_mask_size + 8);
    }
    return ret;
}

static void flanterm_fb_save_state(struct flanterm_context *_ctx) {
    struct flanterm_fb_context *ctx = (void *)_ctx;
    ctx->saved_state_text_fg = ctx->text_fg;
    ctx->saved_state_text_bg = ctx->text_bg;
    ctx->saved_state_text_fg_default = ctx->text_fg_default;
    ctx->saved_state_text_bg_default = ctx->text_bg_default;
    ctx->saved_state_cursor_x = ctx->cursor_x;
    ctx->saved_state_cursor_y = ctx->cursor_y;
}

static void flanterm_fb_restore_state(struct flanterm_context *_ctx) {
    struct flanterm_fb_context *ctx = (void *)_ctx;
    ctx->text_fg = ctx->saved_state_text_fg;
    ctx->text_bg = ctx->saved_state_text_bg;
    ctx->text_fg_default = ctx->saved_state_text_fg_default;
    ctx->text_bg_default = ctx->saved_state_text_bg_default;
    ctx->cursor_x = ctx->saved_state_cursor_x;
    ctx->cursor_y = ctx->saved_state_cursor_y;
}

static void flanterm_fb_swap_palette(struct flanterm_context *_ctx) {
    struct flanterm_fb_context *ctx = (void *)_ctx;
    uint32_t tmp = ctx->text_bg;
    ctx->text_bg = ctx->text_fg;
    ctx->text_fg = tmp;
    bool tmp_default = ctx->text_bg_default;
    ctx->text_bg_default = ctx->text_fg_default;
    ctx->text_fg_default = tmp_default;
}

static void plot_char_scaled_canvas(struct flanterm_context *_ctx, struct flanterm_fb_char *c, size_t x, size_t y) {
    struct flanterm_fb_context *ctx = (void *)_ctx;

    if (x >= _ctx->cols || y >= _ctx->rows) {
        return;
    }

    x = ctx->offset_x + x * ctx->glyph_width;
    y = ctx->offset_y + y * ctx->glyph_height;

    bool *glyph = &ctx->font_bool[c->c * ctx->font_height * ctx->font_width];

    volatile uint32_t *dest;
    int outer_stride, inner_stride;

    switch (ctx->rotation) {
        default:
        case FLANTERM_FB_ROTATE_0:
            dest = ctx->framebuffer + x + y * (ctx->pitch / 4);
            outer_stride = ctx->pitch / 4;
            inner_stride = 1;
            break;
        case FLANTERM_FB_ROTATE_90:
            dest = ctx->framebuffer + (ctx->height - 1 - y) + x * (ctx->pitch / 4);
            outer_stride = -1;
            inner_stride = ctx->pitch / 4;
            break;
        case FLANTERM_FB_ROTATE_180:
            dest = ctx->framebuffer + (ctx->width - 1 - x) + (ctx->height - 1 - y) * (ctx->pitch / 4);
            outer_stride = -(ctx->pitch / 4);
            inner_stride = -1;
            break;
        case FLANTERM_FB_ROTATE_270:
            dest = ctx->framebuffer + y + (ctx->width - 1 - x) * (ctx->pitch / 4);
            outer_stride = 1;
            inner_stride = -(ctx->pitch / 4);
            break;
    }

    // naming: fx,fy for font coordinates, gx,gy for glyph coordinates
    for (size_t gy = 0; gy < ctx->glyph_height; gy++) {
        uint8_t fy = gy / ctx->font_scale_y;
        volatile uint32_t *fb_line = dest;
        uint32_t *canvas_line = ctx->canvas + x + (y + gy) * ctx->width;
        bool *glyph_pointer = glyph + (fy * ctx->font_width);
        for (size_t fx = 0; fx < ctx->font_width; fx++) {
            for (size_t i = 0; i < ctx->font_scale_x; i++) {
                size_t gx = ctx->font_scale_x * fx + i;
                uint32_t bg = c->bg_default ? canvas_line[gx] : c->bg;
                uint32_t fg = c->fg_default ? canvas_line[gx] : c->fg;
                *fb_line = *glyph_pointer ? fg : bg;
                fb_line += inner_stride;
            }
            glyph_pointer++;
        }
        dest += outer_stride;
    }
}

static void plot_char_scaled_uncanvas(struct flanterm_context *_ctx, struct flanterm_fb_char *c, size_t x, size_t y) {
    struct flanterm_fb_context *ctx = (void *)_ctx;

    if (x >= _ctx->cols || y >= _ctx->rows) {
        return;
    }

    uint32_t default_bg = ctx->default_bg;

    uint32_t bg = c->bg_default ? default_bg : c->bg;
    uint32_t fg = c->fg_default ? default_bg : c->fg;

    x = ctx->offset_x + x * ctx->glyph_width;
    y = ctx->offset_y + y * ctx->glyph_height;

    bool *glyph = &ctx->font_bool[c->c * ctx->font_height * ctx->font_width];

    volatile uint32_t *dest;
    int outer_stride, inner_stride;

    switch (ctx->rotation) {
        default:
        case FLANTERM_FB_ROTATE_0:
            dest = ctx->framebuffer + x + y * (ctx->pitch / 4);
            outer_stride = ctx->pitch / 4;
            inner_stride = 1;
            break;
        case FLANTERM_FB_ROTATE_90:
            dest = ctx->framebuffer + (ctx->height - 1 - y) + x * (ctx->pitch / 4);
            outer_stride = -1;
            inner_stride = ctx->pitch / 4;
            break;
        case FLANTERM_FB_ROTATE_180:
            dest = ctx->framebuffer + (ctx->width - 1 - x) + (ctx->height - 1 - y) * (ctx->pitch / 4);
            outer_stride = -(ctx->pitch / 4);
            inner_stride = -1;
            break;
        case FLANTERM_FB_ROTATE_270:
            dest = ctx->framebuffer + y + (ctx->width - 1 - x) * (ctx->pitch / 4);
            outer_stride = 1;
            inner_stride = -(ctx->pitch / 4);
            break;
    }

    // naming: fx,fy for font coordinates, gx,gy for glyph coordinates
    for (size_t gy = 0; gy < ctx->glyph_height; gy++) {
        uint8_t fy = gy / ctx->font_scale_y;
        volatile uint32_t *fb_line = dest;
        bool *glyph_pointer = glyph + (fy * ctx->font_width);
        for (size_t fx = 0; fx < ctx->font_width; fx++) {
            for (size_t i = 0; i < ctx->font_scale_x; i++) {
                *fb_line = *glyph_pointer ? fg : bg;
                fb_line += inner_stride;
            }
            glyph_pointer++;
        }
        dest += outer_stride;
    }
}

static void plot_char_unscaled_canvas(struct flanterm_context *_ctx, struct flanterm_fb_char *c, size_t x, size_t y) {
    struct flanterm_fb_context *ctx = (void *)_ctx;

    if (x >= _ctx->cols || y >= _ctx->rows) {
        return;
    }

    x = ctx->offset_x + x * ctx->glyph_width;
    y = ctx->offset_y + y * ctx->glyph_height;

    bool *glyph = &ctx->font_bool[c->c * ctx->font_height * ctx->font_width];

    volatile uint32_t *dest;
    int outer_stride, inner_stride;

    switch (ctx->rotation) {
        default:
        case FLANTERM_FB_ROTATE_0:
            dest = ctx->framebuffer + x + y * (ctx->pitch / 4);
            outer_stride = ctx->pitch / 4;
            inner_stride = 1;
            break;
        case FLANTERM_FB_ROTATE_90:
            dest = ctx->framebuffer + (ctx->height - 1 - y) + x * (ctx->pitch / 4);
            outer_stride = -1;
            inner_stride = ctx->pitch / 4;
            break;
        case FLANTERM_FB_ROTATE_180:
            dest = ctx->framebuffer + (ctx->width - 1 - x) + (ctx->height - 1 - y) * (ctx->pitch / 4);
            outer_stride = -(ctx->pitch / 4);
            inner_stride = -1;
            break;
        case FLANTERM_FB_ROTATE_270:
            dest = ctx->framebuffer + y + (ctx->width - 1 - x) * (ctx->pitch / 4);
            outer_stride = 1;
            inner_stride = -(ctx->pitch / 4);
            break;
    }

    // naming: fx,fy for font coordinates, gx,gy for glyph coordinates
    for (size_t gy = 0; gy < ctx->glyph_height; gy++) {
        volatile uint32_t *fb_line = dest;
        uint32_t *canvas_line = ctx->canvas + x + (y + gy) * ctx->width;
        bool *glyph_pointer = glyph + (gy * ctx->font_width);
        for (size_t fx = 0; fx < ctx->font_width; fx++) {
            uint32_t bg = c->bg_default ? canvas_line[fx] : c->bg;
            uint32_t fg = c->fg_default ? canvas_line[fx] : c->fg;
            *fb_line = *(glyph_pointer++) ? fg : bg;
            fb_line += inner_stride;
        }
        dest += outer_stride;
    }
}

static void plot_char_unscaled_uncanvas(struct flanterm_context *_ctx, struct flanterm_fb_char *c, size_t x, size_t y) {
    struct flanterm_fb_context *ctx = (void *)_ctx;

    if (x >= _ctx->cols || y >= _ctx->rows) {
        return;
    }

    uint32_t default_bg = ctx->default_bg;

    uint32_t bg = c->bg_default ? default_bg : c->bg;
    uint32_t fg = c->fg_default ? default_bg : c->fg;

    x = ctx->offset_x + x * ctx->glyph_width;
    y = ctx->offset_y + y * ctx->glyph_height;

    bool *glyph = &ctx->font_bool[c->c * ctx->font_height * ctx->font_width];

    volatile uint32_t *dest;
    int outer_stride, inner_stride;

    switch (ctx->rotation) {
        default:
        case FLANTERM_FB_ROTATE_0:
            dest = ctx->framebuffer + x + y * (ctx->pitch / 4);
            outer_stride = ctx->pitch / 4;
            inner_stride = 1;
            break;
        case FLANTERM_FB_ROTATE_90:
            dest = ctx->framebuffer + (ctx->height - 1 - y) + x * (ctx->pitch / 4);
            outer_stride = -1;
            inner_stride = ctx->pitch / 4;
            break;
        case FLANTERM_FB_ROTATE_180:
            dest = ctx->framebuffer + (ctx->width - 1 - x) + (ctx->height - 1 - y) * (ctx->pitch / 4);
            outer_stride = -(ctx->pitch / 4);
            inner_stride = -1;
            break;
        case FLANTERM_FB_ROTATE_270:
            dest = ctx->framebuffer + y + (ctx->width - 1 - x) * (ctx->pitch / 4);
            outer_stride = 1;
            inner_stride = -(ctx->pitch / 4);
            break;
    }

    // naming: fx,fy for font coordinates, gx,gy for glyph coordinates
    for (size_t gy = 0; gy < ctx->glyph_height; gy++) {
        volatile uint32_t *fb_line = dest;
        bool *glyph_pointer = glyph + (gy * ctx->font_width);
        for (size_t fx = 0; fx < ctx->font_width; fx++) {
            *fb_line = *(glyph_pointer++) ? fg : bg;
            fb_line += inner_stride;
        }
        dest += outer_stride;
    }
}

static inline bool compare_char(struct flanterm_fb_char *a, struct flanterm_fb_char *b) {
    if (a->c != b->c) {
        return false;
    }
    if (a->fg_default != b->fg_default || a->bg_default != b->bg_default) {
        return false;
    }
    if (!a->fg_default && a->fg != b->fg) {
        return false;
    }
    if (!a->bg_default && a->bg != b->bg) {
        return false;
    }
    return true;
}

static void push_to_queue(struct flanterm_context *_ctx, struct flanterm_fb_char *c, size_t x, size_t y) {
    struct flanterm_fb_context *ctx = (void *)_ctx;

    if (x >= _ctx->cols || y >= _ctx->rows) {
        return;
    }

    size_t i = y * _ctx->cols + x;

    struct flanterm_fb_queue_item *q = ctx->map[i];

    if (q == NULL) {
        if (compare_char(&ctx->grid[i], c)) {
            return;
        }
        if (ctx->queue_i == _ctx->rows * _ctx->cols) {
            return;
        }
        q = &ctx->queue[ctx->queue_i++];
        q->x = x;
        q->y = y;
        ctx->map[i] = q;
    }

    q->c = *c;
}

static void flanterm_fb_revscroll(struct flanterm_context *_ctx) {
    struct flanterm_fb_context *ctx = (void *)_ctx;

    size_t start = _ctx->scroll_top_margin * _ctx->cols;
    size_t end = (_ctx->scroll_bottom_margin - 1) * _ctx->cols;
    for (size_t i = end; i > start; ) {
        i--;
        struct flanterm_fb_char *c;
        struct flanterm_fb_queue_item *q = ctx->map[i];
        if (q != NULL) {
            c = &q->c;
        } else {
            c = &ctx->grid[i];
        }
        push_to_queue(_ctx, c, (i + _ctx->cols) % _ctx->cols, (i + _ctx->cols) / _ctx->cols);
    }

    // Clear the first line of the screen.
    struct flanterm_fb_char empty;
    empty.c  = ' ';
    empty.fg = ctx->text_fg;
    empty.bg = ctx->text_bg;
    empty.fg_default = ctx->text_fg_default;
    empty.bg_default = ctx->text_bg_default;
    for (size_t i = 0; i < _ctx->cols; i++) {
        push_to_queue(_ctx, &empty, i, _ctx->scroll_top_margin);
    }
}

static void flanterm_fb_scroll(struct flanterm_context *_ctx) {
    struct flanterm_fb_context *ctx = (void *)_ctx;

    for (size_t i = (_ctx->scroll_top_margin + 1) * _ctx->cols;
         i < _ctx->scroll_bottom_margin * _ctx->cols; i++) {
        struct flanterm_fb_char *c;
        struct flanterm_fb_queue_item *q = ctx->map[i];
        if (q != NULL) {
            c = &q->c;
        } else {
            c = &ctx->grid[i];
        }
        push_to_queue(_ctx, c, (i - _ctx->cols) % _ctx->cols, (i - _ctx->cols) / _ctx->cols);
    }

    // Clear the last line of the screen.
    struct flanterm_fb_char empty;
    empty.c  = ' ';
    empty.fg = ctx->text_fg;
    empty.bg = ctx->text_bg;
    empty.fg_default = ctx->text_fg_default;
    empty.bg_default = ctx->text_bg_default;
    for (size_t i = 0; i < _ctx->cols; i++) {
        push_to_queue(_ctx, &empty, i, _ctx->scroll_bottom_margin - 1);
    }
}

static void flanterm_fb_clear(struct flanterm_context *_ctx, bool move) {
    struct flanterm_fb_context *ctx = (void *)_ctx;

    struct flanterm_fb_char empty;
    empty.c  = ' ';
    empty.fg = ctx->text_fg;
    empty.bg = ctx->text_bg;
    empty.fg_default = ctx->text_fg_default;
    empty.bg_default = ctx->text_bg_default;
    for (size_t i = 0; i < _ctx->rows * _ctx->cols; i++) {
        push_to_queue(_ctx, &empty, i % _ctx->cols, i / _ctx->cols);
    }

    if (move) {
        ctx->cursor_x = 0;
        ctx->cursor_y = 0;
    }
}

static void flanterm_fb_set_cursor_pos(struct flanterm_context *_ctx, size_t x, size_t y) {
    struct flanterm_fb_context *ctx = (void *)_ctx;

    if (x >= _ctx->cols) {
        if (x > SIZE_MAX / 2) {
            x = 0;
        } else {
            x = _ctx->cols - 1;
        }
    }
    if (y >= _ctx->rows) {
        if (y > SIZE_MAX / 2) {
            y = 0;
        } else {
            y = _ctx->rows - 1;
        }
    }
    ctx->cursor_x = x;
    ctx->cursor_y = y;
}

static void flanterm_fb_get_cursor_pos(struct flanterm_context *_ctx, size_t *x, size_t *y) {
    struct flanterm_fb_context *ctx = (void *)_ctx;

    *x = ctx->cursor_x >= _ctx->cols ? _ctx->cols - 1 : ctx->cursor_x;
    *y = ctx->cursor_y >= _ctx->rows ? _ctx->rows - 1 : ctx->cursor_y;
}

static void flanterm_fb_move_character(struct flanterm_context *_ctx, size_t new_x, size_t new_y, size_t old_x, size_t old_y) {
    struct flanterm_fb_context *ctx = (void *)_ctx;

    if (old_x >= _ctx->cols || old_y >= _ctx->rows
     || new_x >= _ctx->cols || new_y >= _ctx->rows) {
        return;
    }

    size_t i = old_x + old_y * _ctx->cols;

    struct flanterm_fb_char *c;
    struct flanterm_fb_queue_item *q = ctx->map[i];
    if (q != NULL) {
        c = &q->c;
    } else {
        c = &ctx->grid[i];
    }

    push_to_queue(_ctx, c, new_x, new_y);
}

static void flanterm_fb_set_text_fg(struct flanterm_context *_ctx, size_t fg) {
    struct flanterm_fb_context *ctx = (void *)_ctx;

    ctx->text_fg = ctx->ansi_colours[fg];
    ctx->text_fg_default = false;
}

static void flanterm_fb_set_text_bg(struct flanterm_context *_ctx, size_t bg) {
    struct flanterm_fb_context *ctx = (void *)_ctx;

    ctx->text_bg = ctx->ansi_colours[bg];
    ctx->text_bg_default = false;
}

static void flanterm_fb_set_text_fg_bright(struct flanterm_context *_ctx, size_t fg) {
    struct flanterm_fb_context *ctx = (void *)_ctx;

    ctx->text_fg = ctx->ansi_bright_colours[fg];
    ctx->text_fg_default = false;
}

static void flanterm_fb_set_text_bg_bright(struct flanterm_context *_ctx, size_t bg) {
    struct flanterm_fb_context *ctx = (void *)_ctx;

    ctx->text_bg = ctx->ansi_bright_colours[bg];
    ctx->text_bg_default = false;
}

static void flanterm_fb_set_text_fg_rgb(struct flanterm_context *_ctx, uint32_t fg) {
    struct flanterm_fb_context *ctx = (void *)_ctx;

    ctx->text_fg = convert_colour(_ctx, fg);
    ctx->text_fg_default = false;
}

static void flanterm_fb_set_text_bg_rgb(struct flanterm_context *_ctx, uint32_t bg) {
    struct flanterm_fb_context *ctx = (void *)_ctx;

    ctx->text_bg = convert_colour(_ctx, bg);
    ctx->text_bg_default = false;
}

static void flanterm_fb_set_text_fg_default(struct flanterm_context *_ctx) {
    struct flanterm_fb_context *ctx = (void *)_ctx;

    ctx->text_fg = ctx->default_fg;
    ctx->text_fg_default = false;
}

static void flanterm_fb_set_text_bg_default(struct flanterm_context *_ctx) {
    struct flanterm_fb_context *ctx = (void *)_ctx;

    ctx->text_bg_default = true;
}

static void flanterm_fb_set_text_fg_default_bright(struct flanterm_context *_ctx) {
    struct flanterm_fb_context *ctx = (void *)_ctx;

    ctx->text_fg = ctx->default_fg_bright;
    ctx->text_fg_default = false;
}

static void flanterm_fb_set_text_bg_default_bright(struct flanterm_context *_ctx) {
    struct flanterm_fb_context *ctx = (void *)_ctx;

    ctx->text_bg = ctx->default_bg_bright;
    ctx->text_bg_default = false;
}

static void draw_cursor(struct flanterm_context *_ctx) {
    struct flanterm_fb_context *ctx = (void *)_ctx;

    if (ctx->cursor_x >= _ctx->cols || ctx->cursor_y >= _ctx->rows) {
        return;
    }

    size_t i = ctx->cursor_x + ctx->cursor_y * _ctx->cols;

    struct flanterm_fb_char c;
    struct flanterm_fb_queue_item *q = ctx->map[i];
    if (q != NULL) {
        c = q->c;
    } else {
        c = ctx->grid[i];
    }
    uint32_t tmp = c.fg;
    c.fg = c.bg;
    c.bg = tmp;
    bool tmp_default = c.fg_default;
    c.fg_default = c.bg_default;
    c.bg_default = tmp_default;
    ctx->plot_char(_ctx, &c, ctx->cursor_x, ctx->cursor_y);
    if (q != NULL) {
        ctx->grid[i] = q->c;
        ctx->map[i] = NULL;
    }
}

static void flanterm_fb_double_buffer_flush(struct flanterm_context *_ctx) {
    struct flanterm_fb_context *ctx = (void *)_ctx;

    if (_ctx->cursor_enabled) {
        draw_cursor(_ctx);
    }

    for (size_t i = 0; i < ctx->queue_i; i++) {
        struct flanterm_fb_queue_item *q = &ctx->queue[i];
        size_t offset = q->y * _ctx->cols + q->x;
        if (ctx->map[offset] == NULL) {
            continue;
        }
        ctx->plot_char(_ctx, &q->c, q->x, q->y);
        ctx->grid[offset] = q->c;
        ctx->map[offset] = NULL;
    }

    if ((ctx->old_cursor_x != ctx->cursor_x || ctx->old_cursor_y != ctx->cursor_y) || _ctx->cursor_enabled == false) {
        if (ctx->old_cursor_x < _ctx->cols && ctx->old_cursor_y < _ctx->rows) {
            ctx->plot_char(_ctx, &ctx->grid[ctx->old_cursor_x + ctx->old_cursor_y * _ctx->cols], ctx->old_cursor_x, ctx->old_cursor_y);
        }
    }

    ctx->old_cursor_x = ctx->cursor_x;
    ctx->old_cursor_y = ctx->cursor_y;

    ctx->queue_i = 0;

    if (ctx->flush_callback) {
        ctx->flush_callback(ctx->framebuffer, ctx->pitch * ctx->phys_height);
    }
}

static void flanterm_fb_raw_putchar(struct flanterm_context *_ctx, uint8_t c) {
    struct flanterm_fb_context *ctx = (void *)_ctx;

    if (ctx->cursor_x >= _ctx->cols) {
        if (_ctx->wrap_enabled && (ctx->cursor_y < _ctx->scroll_bottom_margin - 1 || _ctx->scroll_enabled)) {
            ctx->cursor_x = 0;
            ctx->cursor_y++;
            if (ctx->cursor_y == _ctx->scroll_bottom_margin) {
                ctx->cursor_y--;
                flanterm_fb_scroll(_ctx);
            }
            if (ctx->cursor_y >= _ctx->rows) {
                ctx->cursor_y = _ctx->rows - 1;
            }
        } else {
            ctx->cursor_x = _ctx->cols - 1;
        }
    }

    struct flanterm_fb_char ch;
    ch.c  = c;
    ch.fg = ctx->text_fg;
    ch.bg = ctx->text_bg;
    ch.fg_default = ctx->text_fg_default;
    ch.bg_default = ctx->text_bg_default;
    push_to_queue(_ctx, &ch, ctx->cursor_x++, ctx->cursor_y);
}

static void flanterm_fb_full_refresh(struct flanterm_context *_ctx) {
    struct flanterm_fb_context *ctx = (void *)_ctx;

    uint32_t default_bg = ctx->default_bg;
    const size_t stride_px = ctx->pitch / sizeof(uint32_t);

#if (defined(__i386__) || defined(__x86_64__)) && (defined(__GNUC__) || defined(__clang__))
    if (ctx->rotation == FLANTERM_FB_ROTATE_0) {
        const size_t w = ctx->width;
        if (ctx->canvas != NULL) {
            for (size_t y = 0; y < ctx->height; y++) {
                volatile uint32_t *dst = ctx->framebuffer + y * stride_px;
                const uint32_t *src = ctx->canvas + y * w;
                size_t n = w;
                __asm__ __volatile__ (
                    "rep movsl"
                    : "+D"(dst), "+S"(src), "+c"(n)
                    :
                    : "memory"
                );
            }
        } else {
            for (size_t y = 0; y < ctx->height; y++) {
                volatile uint32_t *dst = ctx->framebuffer + y * stride_px;
                size_t n = w;
                __asm__ __volatile__ (
                    "rep stosl"
                    : "+D"(dst), "+c"(n)
                    : "a"(default_bg)
                    : "memory"
                );
            }
        }
    } else
#endif
    {
        for (size_t y = 0; y < ctx->height; y++) {
            for (size_t x = 0; x < ctx->width; x++) {
                size_t px, py;
                switch (ctx->rotation) {
                    default:
                    case FLANTERM_FB_ROTATE_0:
                        px = x; py = y;
                        break;
                    case FLANTERM_FB_ROTATE_90:
                        px = ctx->height - 1 - y; py = x;
                        break;
                    case FLANTERM_FB_ROTATE_180:
                        px = ctx->width - 1 - x; py = ctx->height - 1 - y;
                        break;
                    case FLANTERM_FB_ROTATE_270:
                        px = y; py = ctx->width - 1 - x;
                        break;
                }

                if (ctx->canvas != NULL) {
                    ctx->framebuffer[py * stride_px + px] = ctx->canvas[y * ctx->width + x];
                } else {
                    ctx->framebuffer[py * stride_px + px] = default_bg;
                }
            }
        }
    }

    for (size_t i = 0; i < (size_t)_ctx->rows * _ctx->cols; i++) {
        size_t x = i % _ctx->cols;
        size_t y = i / _ctx->cols;

        ctx->plot_char(_ctx, &ctx->grid[i], x, y);
    }

    if (_ctx->cursor_enabled) {
        draw_cursor(_ctx);
    }

    if (ctx->flush_callback) {
        ctx->flush_callback(ctx->framebuffer, ctx->pitch * ctx->phys_height);
    }
}

static void flanterm_fb_deinit(struct flanterm_context *_ctx, void (*_free)(void *, size_t)) {
    struct flanterm_fb_context *ctx = (void *)_ctx;

    if (_free == NULL) {
#ifndef FLANTERM_FB_DISABLE_BUMP_ALLOC
        if (bump_allocated_instance == true) {
            bump_alloc_ptr = 0;
            bump_alloc_base_offset_added = false;
            bump_allocated_instance = false;
        }
#endif
        return;
    }

    _free(ctx->font_bits, ctx->font_bits_size);
    _free(ctx->font_bool, ctx->font_bool_size);
    _free(ctx->grid, ctx->grid_size);
    _free(ctx->queue, ctx->queue_size);
    _free(ctx->map, ctx->map_size);

    if (ctx->canvas != NULL) {
        _free(ctx->canvas, ctx->canvas_size);
    }

    _free(ctx, sizeof(struct flanterm_fb_context));
}

struct flanterm_context *flanterm_fb_init(
    void *(*_malloc)(size_t),
    void (*_free)(void *, size_t),
    uint32_t *framebuffer, size_t width, size_t height, size_t pitch,
    uint8_t red_mask_size, uint8_t red_mask_shift,
    uint8_t green_mask_size, uint8_t green_mask_shift,
    uint8_t blue_mask_size, uint8_t blue_mask_shift,
    uint32_t *canvas,
    uint32_t *ansi_colours, uint32_t *ansi_bright_colours,
    uint32_t *default_bg, uint32_t *default_fg,
    uint32_t *default_bg_bright, uint32_t *default_fg_bright,
    void *font, size_t font_width, size_t font_height, size_t font_spacing,
    size_t font_scale_x, size_t font_scale_y,
    size_t margin,
    int rotation
) {
    size_t phys_height = height;

    // The framebuffer is written a 32-bit word at a time, so the stride must be
    // a whole number of pixels and cover at least one scanline worth of data.
    {
        size_t min_pitch;
        if (pitch % sizeof(uint32_t) != 0) {
            return NULL;
        }
        if (mul_size_overflow(width, sizeof(uint32_t), &min_pitch) || pitch < min_pitch) {
            return NULL;
        }
    }

    if (rotation == FLANTERM_FB_ROTATE_90 || rotation == FLANTERM_FB_ROTATE_270) {
        size_t tmp = width;
        width = height;
        height = tmp;
    }

    if (font_scale_x == 0 || font_scale_y == 0) {
        font_scale_x = 1;
        font_scale_y = 1;
        if (width >= (1920 + 1920 / 3) && height >= (1080 + 1080 / 3)) {
            font_scale_x = 2;
            font_scale_y = 2;
        }
        if (width >= (3840 + 3840 / 3) && height >= (2160 + 2160 / 3)) {
            font_scale_x = 4;
            font_scale_y = 4;
        }
    }

    if (red_mask_size < 8 || red_mask_size != green_mask_size || red_mask_size != blue_mask_size) {
        return NULL;
    }

    // A channel whose field extends past the 32-bit pixel word would make
    // convert_colour invoke undefined behaviour (shift-count too large).
    if (red_mask_shift + red_mask_size > 32
     || green_mask_shift + green_mask_size > 32
     || blue_mask_shift + blue_mask_size > 32) {
        return NULL;
    }

    if (_malloc == NULL) {
#ifndef FLANTERM_FB_DISABLE_BUMP_ALLOC
        if (bump_allocated_instance == true) {
            return NULL;
        }
        _malloc = bump_alloc;
        // Limit terminal size if needed
        size_t fb_width_limit, fb_height_limit;
        bump_pool_limits(&fb_width_limit, &fb_height_limit);
        if (width > fb_width_limit || height > fb_height_limit) {
            size_t width_limit = width > fb_width_limit ? fb_width_limit : width;
            size_t height_limit = height > fb_height_limit ? fb_height_limit : height;

            // width/height are logical (post-rotation) dimensions. For the
            // centering offset, we need to map back to the physical layout.
            // For ROTATE_0/180: logical height = physical rows (pitch stride),
            //                   logical width = physical cols (4-byte stride).
            // For ROTATE_90/270: logical height = physical cols (4-byte stride),
            //                    logical width = physical rows (pitch stride).
            if (rotation == FLANTERM_FB_ROTATE_90 || rotation == FLANTERM_FB_ROTATE_270) {
                framebuffer = (uint32_t *)((uintptr_t)framebuffer + ((((height / 2) - (height_limit / 2)) * 4) + (((width / 2) - (width_limit / 2)) * pitch)));
            } else {
                framebuffer = (uint32_t *)((uintptr_t)framebuffer + ((((height / 2) - (height_limit / 2)) * pitch) + (((width / 2) - (width_limit / 2)) * 4)));
            }

            width = width_limit;
            height = height_limit;

            // phys_height must reflect the physical row count for flush_callback.
            // For ROTATE_0/180, logical height = physical rows.
            // For ROTATE_90/270, logical width = physical rows.
            if (rotation == FLANTERM_FB_ROTATE_90 || rotation == FLANTERM_FB_ROTATE_270) {
                phys_height = width;
            } else {
                phys_height = height;
            }
        }

        // Force disable canvas
        canvas = NULL;
#else
        return NULL;
#endif
    }

    struct flanterm_fb_context *ctx = NULL;
    ctx = _malloc(sizeof(struct flanterm_fb_context));
    if (ctx == NULL) {
        goto fail;
    }

    struct flanterm_context *_ctx = (void *)ctx;
    memset(ctx, 0, sizeof(struct flanterm_fb_context));

    ctx->red_mask_size = red_mask_size;
    ctx->red_mask_shift = red_mask_shift + (red_mask_size - 8);
    ctx->green_mask_size = green_mask_size;
    ctx->green_mask_shift = green_mask_shift + (green_mask_size - 8);
    ctx->blue_mask_size = blue_mask_size;
    ctx->blue_mask_shift = blue_mask_shift + (blue_mask_size - 8);

    if (ansi_colours != NULL) {
        for (size_t i = 0; i < 8; i++) {
            ctx->ansi_colours[i] = convert_colour(_ctx, ansi_colours[i]);
        }
    } else {
        ctx->ansi_colours[0] = convert_colour(_ctx, 0x00000000); // black
        ctx->ansi_colours[1] = convert_colour(_ctx, 0x00aa0000); // red
        ctx->ansi_colours[2] = convert_colour(_ctx, 0x0000aa00); // green
        ctx->ansi_colours[3] = convert_colour(_ctx, 0x00aa5500); // brown
        ctx->ansi_colours[4] = convert_colour(_ctx, 0x000000aa); // blue
        ctx->ansi_colours[5] = convert_colour(_ctx, 0x00aa00aa); // magenta
        ctx->ansi_colours[6] = convert_colour(_ctx, 0x0000aaaa); // cyan
        ctx->ansi_colours[7] = convert_colour(_ctx, 0x00aaaaaa); // grey
    }

    if (ansi_bright_colours != NULL) {
        for (size_t i = 0; i < 8; i++) {
            ctx->ansi_bright_colours[i] = convert_colour(_ctx, ansi_bright_colours[i]);
        }
    } else {
        ctx->ansi_bright_colours[0] = convert_colour(_ctx, 0x00555555); // black
        ctx->ansi_bright_colours[1] = convert_colour(_ctx, 0x00ff5555); // red
        ctx->ansi_bright_colours[2] = convert_colour(_ctx, 0x0055ff55); // green
        ctx->ansi_bright_colours[3] = convert_colour(_ctx, 0x00ffff55); // brown
        ctx->ansi_bright_colours[4] = convert_colour(_ctx, 0x005555ff); // blue
        ctx->ansi_bright_colours[5] = convert_colour(_ctx, 0x00ff55ff); // magenta
        ctx->ansi_bright_colours[6] = convert_colour(_ctx, 0x0055ffff); // cyan
        ctx->ansi_bright_colours[7] = convert_colour(_ctx, 0x00ffffff); // grey
    }

    if (default_bg != NULL) {
        ctx->default_bg = convert_colour(_ctx, *default_bg);
    } else {
        ctx->default_bg = 0x00000000; // background (black)
    }

    if (default_fg != NULL) {
        ctx->default_fg = convert_colour(_ctx, *default_fg);
    } else {
        ctx->default_fg = convert_colour(_ctx, 0x00aaaaaa); // foreground (grey)
    }

    if (default_bg_bright != NULL) {
        ctx->default_bg_bright = convert_colour(_ctx, *default_bg_bright);
    } else {
        ctx->default_bg_bright = convert_colour(_ctx, 0x00555555); // background (black)
    }

    if (default_fg_bright != NULL) {
        ctx->default_fg_bright = convert_colour(_ctx, *default_fg_bright);
    } else {
        ctx->default_fg_bright = convert_colour(_ctx, 0x00ffffff); // foreground (grey)
    }

    ctx->text_fg = ctx->default_fg;
    ctx->text_fg_default = false;
    ctx->text_bg_default = true;
    ctx->saved_state_text_fg = ctx->text_fg;
    ctx->saved_state_text_bg = ctx->text_bg;
    ctx->saved_state_text_fg_default = ctx->text_fg_default;
    ctx->saved_state_text_bg_default = ctx->text_bg_default;

    ctx->rotation = rotation;

    ctx->framebuffer = (void *)framebuffer;
    ctx->width = width;
    ctx->height = height;
    ctx->phys_height = phys_height;
    ctx->pitch = pitch;

    // VGA fonts are always one byte per scanline regardless of font_width
#define FONT_BYTES (font_height * FLANTERM_FB_FONT_GLYPHS)

    if (font != NULL) {
        ctx->font_width = font_width;
        ctx->font_height = font_height;
        if (mul_size_overflow(font_height, (size_t)FLANTERM_FB_FONT_GLYPHS, &ctx->font_bits_size)) {
            goto fail;
        }
        ctx->font_bits = _malloc(ctx->font_bits_size);
        if (ctx->font_bits == NULL) {
            goto fail;
        }
        memcpy(ctx->font_bits, font, ctx->font_bits_size);
    } else {
        ctx->font_width = font_width = 8;
        ctx->font_height = font_height = 16;
        ctx->font_bits_size = FONT_BYTES;
        font_spacing = 1;
        ctx->font_bits = _malloc(ctx->font_bits_size);
        if (ctx->font_bits == NULL) {
            goto fail;
        }
        memcpy(ctx->font_bits, builtin_font, ctx->font_bits_size);
    }

#undef FONT_BYTES

    if (font_spacing > SIZE_MAX - ctx->font_width) {
        goto fail;
    }
    ctx->font_width += font_spacing;

    if (mul_size_overflow((size_t)FLANTERM_FB_FONT_GLYPHS, font_height, &ctx->font_bool_size) ||
        mul_size_overflow(ctx->font_bool_size, ctx->font_width, &ctx->font_bool_size) ||
        mul_size_overflow(ctx->font_bool_size, sizeof(bool), &ctx->font_bool_size)) {
        goto fail;
    }
    ctx->font_bool = _malloc(ctx->font_bool_size);
    if (ctx->font_bool == NULL) {
        goto fail;
    }

    for (size_t i = 0; i < FLANTERM_FB_FONT_GLYPHS; i++) {
        uint8_t *glyph = &ctx->font_bits[i * font_height];

        for (size_t y = 0; y < font_height; y++) {
            // NOTE: the characters in VGA fonts are always one byte wide.
            // 9 dot wide fonts have 8 dots and one empty column, except
            // characters 0xC0-0xDF replicate column 9.
            for (size_t x = 0; x < 8; x++) {
                size_t offset = i * font_height * ctx->font_width + y * ctx->font_width + x;

                if ((glyph[y] & (0x80 >> x))) {
                    ctx->font_bool[offset] = true;
                } else {
                    ctx->font_bool[offset] = false;
                }
            }
            // fill columns above 8 like VGA Line Graphics Mode does
            for (size_t x = 8; x < ctx->font_width; x++) {
                size_t offset = i * font_height * ctx->font_width + y * ctx->font_width + x;

                if (i >= 0xc0 && i <= 0xdf) {
                    ctx->font_bool[offset] = (glyph[y] & 1);
                } else {
                    ctx->font_bool[offset] = false;
                }
            }
        }
    }

    ctx->font_scale_x = font_scale_x;
    ctx->font_scale_y = font_scale_y;

    if (mul_size_overflow(ctx->font_width, font_scale_x, &ctx->glyph_width) ||
        mul_size_overflow(font_height, font_scale_y, &ctx->glyph_height)) {
        goto fail;
    }

    if (ctx->glyph_width == 0 || ctx->glyph_height == 0) {
        goto fail;
    }

    if (margin > SIZE_MAX / 2 || margin * 2 >= ctx->width || margin * 2 >= ctx->height) {
        goto fail;
    }

    _ctx->cols = (ctx->width - margin * 2) / ctx->glyph_width;
    _ctx->rows = (ctx->height - margin * 2) / ctx->glyph_height;

    if (_ctx->cols == 0 || _ctx->rows == 0) {
        goto fail;
    }

    ctx->offset_x = margin + ((ctx->width - margin * 2) % ctx->glyph_width) / 2;
    ctx->offset_y = margin + ((ctx->height - margin * 2) % ctx->glyph_height) / 2;

    if (mul_size_overflow(_ctx->rows, _ctx->cols, &ctx->grid_size) ||
        mul_size_overflow(ctx->grid_size, sizeof(struct flanterm_fb_char), &ctx->grid_size)) {
        goto fail;
    }
    ctx->grid = _malloc(ctx->grid_size);
    if (ctx->grid == NULL) {
        goto fail;
    }
    for (size_t i = 0; i < _ctx->rows * _ctx->cols; i++) {
        ctx->grid[i].c = ' ';
        ctx->grid[i].fg = ctx->text_fg;
        ctx->grid[i].bg = ctx->text_bg;
        ctx->grid[i].fg_default = ctx->text_fg_default;
        ctx->grid[i].bg_default = ctx->text_bg_default;
    }

    if (mul_size_overflow(_ctx->rows, _ctx->cols, &ctx->queue_size) ||
        mul_size_overflow(ctx->queue_size, sizeof(struct flanterm_fb_queue_item), &ctx->queue_size)) {
        goto fail;
    }
    ctx->queue = _malloc(ctx->queue_size);
    if (ctx->queue == NULL) {
        goto fail;
    }
    ctx->queue_i = 0;
    memset(ctx->queue, 0, ctx->queue_size);

    if (mul_size_overflow(_ctx->rows, _ctx->cols, &ctx->map_size) ||
        mul_size_overflow(ctx->map_size, sizeof(struct flanterm_fb_queue_item *), &ctx->map_size)) {
        goto fail;
    }
    ctx->map = _malloc(ctx->map_size);
    if (ctx->map == NULL) {
        goto fail;
    }
    memset(ctx->map, 0, ctx->map_size);

    if (canvas != NULL) {
        if (mul_size_overflow(ctx->width, ctx->height, &ctx->canvas_size) ||
            mul_size_overflow(ctx->canvas_size, sizeof(uint32_t), &ctx->canvas_size)) {
            goto fail;
        }
        ctx->canvas = _malloc(ctx->canvas_size);
        if (ctx->canvas == NULL) {
            goto fail;
        }
        for (size_t i = 0; i < ctx->width * ctx->height; i++) {
            ctx->canvas[i] = convert_colour(_ctx, canvas[i]);
        }
    }

    if (font_scale_x == 1 && font_scale_y == 1) {
        if (canvas == NULL) {
            ctx->plot_char = plot_char_unscaled_uncanvas;
        } else {
            ctx->plot_char = plot_char_unscaled_canvas;
        }
    } else {
        if (canvas == NULL) {
            ctx->plot_char = plot_char_scaled_uncanvas;
        } else {
            ctx->plot_char = plot_char_scaled_canvas;
        }
    }

    _ctx->raw_putchar = flanterm_fb_raw_putchar;
    _ctx->clear = flanterm_fb_clear;
    _ctx->set_cursor_pos = flanterm_fb_set_cursor_pos;
    _ctx->get_cursor_pos = flanterm_fb_get_cursor_pos;
    _ctx->set_text_fg = flanterm_fb_set_text_fg;
    _ctx->set_text_bg = flanterm_fb_set_text_bg;
    _ctx->set_text_fg_bright = flanterm_fb_set_text_fg_bright;
    _ctx->set_text_bg_bright = flanterm_fb_set_text_bg_bright;
    _ctx->set_text_fg_rgb = flanterm_fb_set_text_fg_rgb;
    _ctx->set_text_bg_rgb = flanterm_fb_set_text_bg_rgb;
    _ctx->set_text_fg_default = flanterm_fb_set_text_fg_default;
    _ctx->set_text_bg_default = flanterm_fb_set_text_bg_default;
    _ctx->set_text_fg_default_bright = flanterm_fb_set_text_fg_default_bright;
    _ctx->set_text_bg_default_bright = flanterm_fb_set_text_bg_default_bright;
    _ctx->move_character = flanterm_fb_move_character;
    _ctx->scroll = flanterm_fb_scroll;
    _ctx->revscroll = flanterm_fb_revscroll;
    _ctx->swap_palette = flanterm_fb_swap_palette;
    _ctx->save_state = flanterm_fb_save_state;
    _ctx->restore_state = flanterm_fb_restore_state;
    _ctx->double_buffer_flush = flanterm_fb_double_buffer_flush;
    _ctx->full_refresh = flanterm_fb_full_refresh;
    _ctx->deinit = flanterm_fb_deinit;

    flanterm_context_reinit(_ctx);
    flanterm_fb_full_refresh(_ctx);

#ifndef FLANTERM_FB_DISABLE_BUMP_ALLOC
    if (_malloc == bump_alloc) {
        bump_allocated_instance = true;
    }
#endif

    return _ctx;

fail:
    if (ctx == NULL) {
        return NULL;
    }

#ifndef FLANTERM_FB_DISABLE_BUMP_ALLOC
    if (_malloc == bump_alloc) {
        bump_alloc_ptr = 0;
        bump_alloc_base_offset_added = false;
        return NULL;
    }
#endif

    if (_free == NULL) {
        return NULL;
    }

    if (ctx->canvas != NULL) {
        _free(ctx->canvas, ctx->canvas_size);
    }
    if (ctx->map != NULL) {
        _free(ctx->map, ctx->map_size);
    }
    if (ctx->queue != NULL) {
        _free(ctx->queue, ctx->queue_size);
    }
    if (ctx->grid != NULL) {
        _free(ctx->grid, ctx->grid_size);
    }
    if (ctx->font_bool != NULL) {
        _free(ctx->font_bool, ctx->font_bool_size);
    }
    if (ctx->font_bits != NULL) {
        _free(ctx->font_bits, ctx->font_bits_size);
    }
    if (ctx != NULL) {
        _free(ctx, sizeof(struct flanterm_fb_context));
    }

    return NULL;
}

void flanterm_fb_set_flush_callback(struct flanterm_context *_ctx, void (*flush_callback)(volatile void *address, size_t length)) {
    struct flanterm_fb_context *ctx = (void *)_ctx;
    ctx->flush_callback = flush_callback;
    if (flush_callback != NULL) {
        flush_callback(ctx->framebuffer, ctx->pitch * ctx->phys_height);
    }
}
