////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
//
// SFML - Simple and Fast Multimedia Library
// Copyright (C) 2007-2025 Laurent Gomila (laurent@sfml-dev.org)
//
// This software is provided 'as-is', without any express or implied warranty.
// In no event will the authors be held liable for any damages arising from the use of this software.
//
// Permission is granted to anyone to use this software for any purpose,
// including commercial applications, and to alter it and redistribute it freely,
// subject to the following restrictions:
//
// 1. The origin of this software must not be misrepresented;
//    you must not claim that you wrote the original software.
//    If you use this software in a product, an acknowledgment
//    in the product documentation would be appreciated but is not required.
//
// 2. Altered source versions must be plainly marked as such,
//    and must not be misrepresented as being the original software.
//
// 3. This notice may not be removed or altered from any source distribution.
//
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

#pragma once

////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
// Headers
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
#include <SFML/Graphics/Export.hpp>

#include <SFML/Graphics/Rect.hpp>

#include <SFML/System/Vector2.hpp>

#include <array>


namespace sf
{
class Angle;

////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
/// \brief 3x3 transform matrix
///
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
class Transform
{
public:
    ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
    /// \brief Default constructor
    ///
    /// Creates an identity transform (a transform that does nothing).
    ///
    ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
    constexpr Transform() = default;

    ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
    /// \brief Construct a transform from a 3x3 matrix
    ///
    /// \param a00 Element (0, 0) of the matrix
    /// \param a01 Element (0, 1) of the matrix
    /// \param a02 Element (0, 2) of the matrix
    /// \param a10 Element (1, 0) of the matrix
    /// \param a11 Element (1, 1) of the matrix
    /// \param a12 Element (1, 2) of the matrix
    /// \param a20 Element (2, 0) of the matrix
    /// \param a21 Element (2, 1) of the matrix
    /// \param a22 Element (2, 2) of the matrix
    ///
    ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
    constexpr Transform(float a00, float a01, float a02, float a10, float a11, float a12, float a20, float a21, float a22);

    ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
    /// \brief Return the transform as a 4x4 matrix
    ///
    /// This function returns a pointer to an array of 16 floats
    /// containing the transform elements as a 4x4 matrix, which
    /// is directly compatible with OpenGL functions.
    ///
    /// \code
    /// sf::Transform transform = ...;
    /// glLoadMatrixf(transform.getMatrix());
    /// \endcode
    ///
    /// \return Pointer to a 4x4 matrix
    ///
    ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
    [[nodiscard]] constexpr const float* getMatrix() const;

    ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
    /// \brief Return the inverse of the transform
    ///
    /// If the inverse cannot be computed, an identity transform
    /// is returned.
    ///
    /// \return A new transform which is the inverse of self
    ///
    ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
    [[nodiscard]] constexpr Transform getInverse() const;

    ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
    /// \brief Transform a 2D point
    ///
    /// These two statements are equivalent:
    /// \code
    /// sf::Vector2f transformedPoint = matrix.transformPoint(point);
    /// sf::Vector2f transformedPoint = matrix * point;
    /// \endcode
    ///
    /// \param point Point to transform
    ///
    /// \return Transformed point
    ///
    ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
    [[nodiscard]] constexpr Vector2f transformPoint(Vector2f point) const;

    ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
    /// \brief Transform a rectangle
    ///
    /// Since SFML doesn't provide support for oriented rectangles,
    /// the result of this function is always an axis-aligned
    /// rectangle. Which means that if the transform contains a
    /// rotation, the bounding rectangle of the transformed rectangle
    /// is returned.
    ///
    /// \param rectangle Rectangle to transform
    ///
    /// \return Transformed rectangle
    ///
    ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
    [[nodiscard]] constexpr FloatRect transformRect(const FloatRect& rectangle) const;

    ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
    /// \brief Combine the current transform with another one
    ///
    /// The result is a transform that is equivalent to applying
    /// `transform` followed by `*this`. Mathematically, it is
    /// equivalent to a matrix multiplication `(*this) * transform`.
    ///
    /// These two statements are equivalent:
    /// \code
    /// left.combine(right);
    /// left *= right;
    /// \endcode
    ///
    /// \param transform Transform to combine with this transform
    ///
    /// \return Reference to `*this`
    ///
    ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
    constexpr Transform& combine(const Transform& transform);

    ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
    /// \brief Combine the current transform with a translation
    ///
    /// This function returns a reference to `*this`, so that calls
    /// can be chained.
    /// \code
    /// sf::Transform transform;
    /// transform.translate(sf::Vector2f(100, 200)).rotate(sf::degrees(45));
    /// \endcode
    ///
    /// \param offset Translation offset to apply
    ///
    /// \return Reference to `*this`
    ///
    /// \see `rotate`, `scale`
    ///
    ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
    constexpr Transform& translate(Vector2f offset);

    ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
    /// \brief Combine the current transform with a rotation
    ///
    /// This function returns a reference to `*this`, so that calls
    /// can be chained.
    /// \code
    /// sf::Transform transform;
    /// transform.rotate(sf::degrees(90)).translate(50, 20);
    /// \endcode
    ///
    /// \param angle Rotation angle
    ///
    /// \return Reference to `*this`
    ///
    /// \see `translate`, `scale`
    ///
    ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
    SFML_GRAPHICS_API Transform& rotate(Angle angle);

    ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
    /// \brief Combine the current transform with a rotation
    ///
    /// The center of rotation is provided for convenience as a second
    /// argument, so that you can build rotations around arbitrary points
    /// more easily (and efficiently) than the usual
    /// `translate(-center).rotate(angle).translate(center)`.
    ///
    /// This function returns a reference to `*this`, so that calls
    /// can be chained.
    /// \code
    /// sf::Transform transform;
    /// transform.rotate(sf::degrees(90), sf::Vector2f(8, 3)).translate(sf::Vector2f(50, 20));
    /// \endcode
    ///
    /// \param angle Rotation angle
    /// \param center Center of rotation
    ///
    /// \return Reference to `*this`
    ///
    /// \see `translate`, `scale`
    ///
    ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
    SFML_GRAPHICS_API Transform& rotate(Angle angle, Vector2f center);

    ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
    /// \brief Combine the current transform with a scaling
    ///
    /// This function returns a reference to `*this`, so that calls
    /// can be chained.
    /// \code
    /// sf::Transform transform;
    /// transform.scale(sf::Vector2f(2, 1)).rotate(sf::degrees(45));
    /// \endcode
    ///
    /// \param factors Scaling factors
    ///
    /// \return Reference to `*this`
    ///
    /// \see `translate`, `rotate`
    ///
    ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
    constexpr Transform& scale(Vector2f factors);

    ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
    /// \brief Combine the current transform with a scaling
    ///
    /// The center of scaling is provided for convenience as a second
    /// argument, so that you can build scaling around arbitrary points
    /// more easily (and efficiently) than the usual
    /// `translate(-center).scale(factors).translate(center)`.
    ///
    /// This function returns a reference to `*this`, so that calls
    /// can be chained.
    /// \code
    /// sf::Transform transform;
    /// transform.scale(sf::Vector2f(2, 1), sf::Vector2f(8, 3)).rotate(45);
    /// \endcode
    ///
    /// \param factors Scaling factors
    /// \param center Center of scaling
    ///
    /// \return Reference to `*this`
    ///
    /// \see `translate`, `rotate`
    ///
    ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
    constexpr Transform& scale(Vector2f factors, Vector2f center);

    ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
    // Static member data
    ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
    // NOLINTNEXTLINE(readability-identifier-naming)
    static const Transform Identity; //!< The identity transform (does nothing)

private:
    ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
    // Member data
    ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
    // clang-format off
    std::array<float, 16> m_matrix{1.f, 0.f, 0.f, 0.f,
                                   0.f, 1.f, 0.f, 0.f,
                                   0.f, 0.f, 1.f, 0.f,
                                   0.f, 0.f, 0.f, 1.f}; //!< 4x4 matrix defining the transformation
    // clang-format off
};

////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
/// \relates sf::Transform
/// \brief Overload of binary `operator*` to combine two transforms
///
/// This call is equivalent to calling `Transform(left).combine(right)`.
///
/// \param left Left operand (the first transform)
/// \param right Right operand (the second transform)
///
/// \return New combined transform
///
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
[[nodiscard]] constexpr Transform operator*(const Transform& left, const Transform& right);

////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
/// \relates sf::Transform
/// \brief Overload of binary `operator*=` to combine two transforms
///
/// This call is equivalent to calling `left.combine(right)`.
///
/// \param left Left operand (the first transform)
/// \param right Right operand (the second transform)
///
/// \return The combined transform
///
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
constexpr Transform& operator*=(Transform& left, const Transform& right);

////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
/// \relates sf::Transform
/// \brief Overload of binary `operator*` to transform a point
///
/// This call is equivalent to calling `left.transformPoint(right)`.
///
/// \param left Left operand (the transform)
/// \param right Right operand (the point to transform)
///
/// \return New transformed point
///
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
[[nodiscard]] constexpr Vector2f operator*(const Transform& left, Vector2f right);

////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
/// \relates sf::Transform
/// \brief Overload of binary `operator==` to compare two transforms
///
/// Performs an element-wise comparison of the elements of the
/// left transform with the elements of the right transform.
///
/// \param left Left operand (the first transform)
/// \param right Right operand (the second transform)
///
/// \return `true` if the transforms are equal, `false` otherwise
///
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
[[nodiscard]] constexpr bool operator==(const Transform& left, const Transform& right);

////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
/// \relates sf::Transform
/// \brief Overload of binary `operator!=` to compare two transforms
///
/// This call is equivalent to `!(left == right)`.
///
/// \param left Left operand (the first transform)
/// \param right Right operand (the second transform)
///
/// \return `true` if the transforms are not equal, `false` otherwise
///
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
[[nodiscard]] constexpr bool operator!=(const Transform& left, const Transform& right);

} // namespace sf

#include <SFML/Graphics/Transform.inl>


////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
/// \class sf::Transform
/// \ingroup graphics
///
/// A `sf::Transform` specifies how to translate, rotate, scale,
/// shear, project, whatever things. In mathematical terms, it defines
/// how to transform a coordinate system into another.
///
/// For example, if you apply a rotation transform to a sprite, the
/// result will be a rotated sprite. And anything that is transformed
/// by this rotation transform will be rotated the same way, according
/// to its initial position.
///
/// Transforms are typically used for drawing. But they can also be
/// used for any computation that requires to transform points between
/// the local and global coordinate systems of an entity (like collision
/// detection).
///
/// Example:
/// \code
/// // define a translation transform
/// sf::Transform translation;
/// translation.translate(20, 50);
///
/// // define a rotation transform
/// sf::Transform rotation;
/// rotation.rotate(45);
///
/// // combine them
/// sf::Transform transform = translation * rotation;
///
/// // use the result to transform stuff...
/// sf::Vector2f point = transform.transformPoint({10, 20});
/// sf::FloatRect rect = transform.transformRect(sf::FloatRect({0, 0}, {10, 100}));
/// \endcode
///
/// \see `sf::Transformable`, `sf::RenderStates`
///
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
