Class: Mocha::Mock — Mocha 2.8.2

# Class: Mocha::Mock

Inherits:
  Object
  - Object
  - Mocha::Mock
  show all

Defined in:
  lib/mocha/mock.rb

## Overview

Traditional mock object.

#expects and #stubs return an Expectation which can be further modified by methods on Expectation.

#responds_like and #responds_like_instance_of both return a Mock, and can therefore, be chained to the original creation methods in API. They force the mock to indicate what it is supposed to be mocking, thus making it a safer verifying mock. They check that the underlying `responder` will actually respond to the methods being stubbed, throwing a `NoMethodError` upon invocation otherwise.

Stubs and expectations are basically the same thing. A stub is just an expectation of zero or more invocations. The #stubs method is syntactic sugar to make the intent of the test more explicit.

When a method is invoked on a mock object, the mock object searches through its expectations from newest to oldest to find one that matches the invocation. After the invocation, the matching expectation might stop matching further invocations. For example, an `expects(:foo).once` expectation only matches once and will be ignored on future invocations while an `expects(:foo).at_least_once` expectation will always be matched against invocations.

However, note that if the expectation that matches the invocation has a cardinality of “never”, then an unexpected invocation error is reported.

This scheme allows you to:

- Set up default stubs in your the `setup` method of your test class and override some of those stubs in individual tests.

- Set up different `once` expectations for the same method with different action per invocation. However, it’s better to use the Expectation#returns method with multiple arguments to do this, as described below.

However, there are some possible “gotchas” caused by this scheme:

- if you create an expectation and then a stub for the same method, the stub will always override the expectation and the expectation will never be met.

- if you create a stub and then an expectation for the same method, the expectation will match, and when it stops matching the stub will be used instead, possibly masking test failures.

- if you create different expectations for the same method, they will be invoked in the opposite order than that in which they were specified, rather than the same order.

The best thing to do is not set up multiple expectations and stubs for the same method with exactly the same matchers. Instead, use the Expectation#returns method with multiple arguments to create multiple actions for a method. You can also chain multiple calls to Expectation#returns and Expectation#raises (along with syntactic sugar Expectation#then if desired).

If you want to specify more complex ordering or order invocations across different mock objects, use the Expectation#in_sequence method to explicitly define a total or partial ordering of invocations.

#### Examples:

    object = mock()
    object.stubs(:expected_method).returns(1, 2).then.raises(Exception)
    object.expected_method # => 1
    object.expected_method # => 2
    object.expected_method # => raises exception of class Exception1

## Instance Method Summary collapse

- #expects(method_name_or_hash, backtrace = nil) ⇒ Expectation (also: #__expects__)

  Adds an expectation that the specified method must be called exactly once with any parameters.

- #responds_like(responder) ⇒ Mock (also: #quacks_like)

  Constrains the Mock instance so that it can only expect or stub methods to which `responder` responds publicly.

- #responds_like_instance_of(responder_class) ⇒ Mock (also: #quacks_like_instance_of)

  Constrains the Mock instance so that it can only expect or stub methods to which an instance of the `responder_class` responds publicly.

- #stubs(method_name_or_hash, backtrace = nil) ⇒ Expectation (also: #__stubs__)

  Adds an expectation that the specified method may be called any number of times with any parameters.

- #unstub(*method_names) ⇒ Object

  Removes the specified stubbed methods (added by calls to #expects or #stubs) and all expectations associated with them.

## Dynamic Method Handling

This class handles dynamic methods through the `method_missing` method

### #method_missing(symbol, *arguments, &block) ⇒ `Object`

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    # File 'lib/mocha/mock.rb', line 318

    def method_missing(symbol, *arguments, &block) # rubocop:disable Style/MethodMissingSuper
      handle_method_call(symbol, arguments, block)
    end

## Instance Method Details

### #expects(method_name) ⇒ `Expectation` #expects(expected_methods_vs_return_values) ⇒ `Expectation` Also known as: __expects__

Adds an expectation that the specified method must be called exactly once with any parameters.

#### Examples:

#####

Expected method invoked once so no error raised

    object = mock()
    object.expects(:expected_method)
    object.expected_method

#####

Expected method not invoked so error raised

    object = mock()
    object.expects(:expected_method)
    # error raised when test completes, because expected_method not called exactly once

#####

Expected method invoked twice so error raised

    object = mock()
    object.expects(:expected_method)
    object.expected_method
    object.expected_method # => error raised when expected method invoked second time

#####

Setup multiple expectations using `expected_methods_vs_return_values`.

    object = mock()
    object.expects(expected_method_one: :result_one, expected_method_two: :result_two)

    # is exactly equivalent to

    object = mock()
    object.expects(:expected_method_one).returns(:result_one)
    object.expects(:expected_method_two).returns(:result_two)

Overloads:

- #expects(method_name) ⇒ `Expectation`

  Parameters:

  - method_name (`Symbol`, `String`) —

    name of expected method

- #expects(expected_methods_vs_return_values) ⇒ `Expectation`

  Parameters:

  - expected_methods_vs_return_values (`Hash`) —

    expected method name symbols as keys and corresponding return values as values - these expectations are setup as if #expects were called multiple times.

Returns:

- (`Expectation`) —

  last-built expectation which can be further modified by methods on Expectation.

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    # File 'lib/mocha/mock.rb', line 114

    def expects(method_name_or_hash, backtrace = nil)
      expectation = nil
      iterator = ArgumentIterator.new(method_name_or_hash)
      iterator.each do |*args|
        method_name = args.shift
        ensure_method_not_already_defined(method_name)
        expectation = Expectation.new(self, method_name, backtrace)
        expectation.in_sequence(@mockery.sequences.last) if @mockery.sequences.any?
        expectation.returns(args.shift) unless args.empty?
        @expectations.add(expectation)
      end
      expectation
    end

### #responds_like(responder) ⇒ `Mock` Also known as: quacks_like

Constrains the Mocha::Mock instance so that it can only expect or stub methods to which `responder` responds publicly. The constraint is only applied at method invocation time.

A `NoMethodError` will be raised if the `responder` does not publicly `#respond_to?` the invoked method (even if the method has been expected or stubbed).

The Mocha::Mock instance will delegate its `#respond_to?` method to the `responder`. However, the `include_all` parameter is not passed through, so only public methods on the `responder` will be considered.

Note that the methods on `responder` are never actually invoked.

#### Examples:

#####

Normal mocking

    sheep = mock('sheep')
    sheep.expects(:chew)
    sheep.expects(:foo)
    sheep.respond_to?(:chew) # => true
    sheep.respond_to?(:foo) # => true
    sheep.chew
    sheep.foo
    # no error raised

#####

Using #responds_like with an instance method

    class Sheep
      def chew(grass); end
    end

    sheep = mock('sheep')
    sheep.responds_like(Sheep.new)
    sheep.expects(:chew)
    sheep.expects(:foo)
    sheep.respond_to?(:chew) # => true
    sheep.respond_to?(:foo) # => false
    sheep.chew
    sheep.foo # => raises NoMethodError exception

#####

Using #responds_like with a class method

    class Sheep
      def self.number_of_legs; end
    end

    sheep_class = mock('sheep_class')
    sheep_class.responds_like(Sheep)
    sheep_class.stubs(:number_of_legs).returns(4)
    sheep_class.expects(:foo)
    sheep_class.respond_to?(:number_of_legs) # => true
    sheep_class.respond_to?(:foo) # => false
    sheep_class.number_of_legs # => 4
    sheep_class.foo # => raises NoMethodError exception

Parameters:

- responder (`Object`, `#respond_to?`) —

  an object used to determine whether Mocha::Mock instance should `#respond_to?` to an invocation.

Returns:

- (`Mock`) —

  the same Mocha::Mock instance, thereby allowing invocations of other Mocha::Mock methods to be chained.

See Also:

- #responds_like_instance_of

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    # File 'lib/mocha/mock.rb', line 241

    def responds_like(responder)
      @responder = responder
      self
    end

### #responds_like_instance_of(responder_class) ⇒ `Mock` Also known as: quacks_like_instance_of

Constrains the Mocha::Mock instance so that it can only expect or stub methods to which an instance of the `responder_class` responds publicly. The constraint is only applied at method invocation time. Note that the responder instance is instantiated using `Class#allocate`.

A `NoMethodError` will be raised if the responder instance does not publicly `#respond_to?` the invoked method (even if the method has been expected or stubbed).

The Mocha::Mock instance will delegate its `#respond_to?` method to the responder instance. However, the `include_all` parameter is not passed through, so only public methods on the `responder` will be considered.

Note that the methods on the responder instance are never actually invoked.

#### Examples:

#####

Using #responds_like_instance_of

    class Sheep
      def initialize
        raise "some awkward code we don't want to call"
      end
      def chew(grass); end
    end

    sheep = mock('sheep')
    sheep.responds_like_instance_of(Sheep)
    sheep.expects(:chew)
    sheep.expects(:foo)
    sheep.respond_to?(:chew) # => true
    sheep.respond_to?(:foo) # => false
    sheep.chew
    sheep.foo # => raises NoMethodError exception

Parameters:

- responder_class (`Class`) —

  a class used to determine whether Mocha::Mock instance should `#respond_to?` to an invocation.

Returns:

- (`Mock`) —

  the same Mocha::Mock instance, thereby allowing invocations of other Mocha::Mock methods to be chained.

See Also:

- #responds_like

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    # File 'lib/mocha/mock.rb', line 274

    def responds_like_instance_of(responder_class)
      responds_like(responder_class.allocate)
    end

### #stubs(method_name) ⇒ `Expectation` #stubs(stubbed_methods_vs_return_values) ⇒ `Expectation` Also known as: __stubs__

Adds an expectation that the specified method may be called any number of times with any parameters.

#### Examples:

#####

No error raised however many times stubbed method is invoked

    object = mock()
    object.stubs(:stubbed_method)
    object.stubbed_method
    object.stubbed_method
    # no error raised

#####

Setup multiple expectations using `stubbed_methods_vs_return_values`.

    object = mock()
    object.stubs(stubbed_method_one: :result_one, stubbed_method_two: :result_two)

    # is exactly equivalent to

    object = mock()
    object.stubs(:stubbed_method_one).returns(:result_one)
    object.stubs(:stubbed_method_two).returns(:result_two)

Overloads:

- #stubs(method_name) ⇒ `Expectation`

  Parameters:

  - method_name (`Symbol`, `String`) —

    name of stubbed method

- #stubs(stubbed_methods_vs_return_values) ⇒ `Expectation`

  Parameters:

  - stubbed_methods_vs_return_values (`Hash`) —

    stubbed method name symbols as keys and corresponding return values as values - these stubbed methods are setup as if #stubs were called multiple times.

Returns:

- (`Expectation`) —

  last-built expectation which can be further modified by methods on Expectation.

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    # File 'lib/mocha/mock.rb', line 153

    def stubs(method_name_or_hash, backtrace = nil)
      expectation = nil
      iterator = ArgumentIterator.new(method_name_or_hash)
      iterator.each do |*args|
        method_name = args.shift
        ensure_method_not_already_defined(method_name)
        expectation = Expectation.new(self, method_name, backtrace)
        expectation.at_least(0)
        expectation.in_sequence(@mockery.sequences.last) if @mockery.sequences.any?
        expectation.returns(args.shift) unless args.empty?
        @expectations.add(expectation)
      end
      expectation
    end

### #unstub(*method_names) ⇒ `Object`

Removes the specified stubbed methods (added by calls to #expects or #stubs) and all expectations associated with them.

#### Examples:

#####

Invoking an unstubbed method causes error to be raised

    object = mock('mock')
    object.stubs(:stubbed_method).returns(:result_one)
    object.stubbed_method # => :result_one
    object.unstub(:stubbed_method)
    object.stubbed_method # => unexpected invocation: #<Mock:mock>.stubbed_method()

#####

Unstubbing multiple methods.

    multiplier.unstub(:double, :triple)

    # exactly equivalent to

    multiplier.unstub(:double)
    multiplier.unstub(:triple)

Parameters:

- method_names (`Array<Symbol>`) —

  names of methods to unstub.

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    # File 'lib/mocha/mock.rb', line 186

    def unstub(*method_names)
      method_names.each do |method_name|
        @expectations.remove_all_matching_method(method_name)
      end
    end