<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<chapter id="postgis_introduction">
  <title>Introduction</title>

  <para>PostGIS is a spatial extension for the PostgreSQL relational database
	that was created by Refractions Research Inc, as a spatial
  database technology research project. Refractions is a GIS and database
  consulting company in Victoria, British Columbia, Canada, specializing in
  data integration and custom software development.</para>

	<para>PostGIS is now a project of the OSGeo Foundation and is developed and funded by many FOSS4G developers and
     organizations all over the world that gain great benefit from its functionality and versatility.</para>
	<para>The PostGIS project development group plans on supporting and
  enhancing PostGIS to better support a range of important GIS functionality
	in the areas of OGC and SQL/MM spatial standards, advanced topological constructs (coverages,
  surfaces, networks), data source for desktop user interface tools for viewing and editing
  GIS data, and web-based access tools.</para>


  <sect1 id="psc">
	<title>Project Steering Committee</title>
	<para>
		The PostGIS Project Steering Committee (PSC) coordinates the general direction,
			release cycles, documentation, and outreach efforts for the PostGIS project.  In addition
			the PSC provides general user support, accepts and approves patches from the general PostGIS community
			and votes on miscellaneous issues involving PostGIS such as developer commit access, new PSC members
			or significant API changes.
	</para>
	<variablelist>
		<varlistentry>
			<term>Raúl Marín Rodríguez</term>
			<listitem>
				<para>MVT support, Bug fixing, Performance and stability improvements, GitHub curation,  alignment of
			PostGIS with PostgreSQL releases</para>
			</listitem>
		</varlistentry>

		<varlistentry>
		<term>Regina Obe</term>
		<listitem>
			<para>Buildbot Maintenance, Windows production and experimental builds, documentation, alignment of
			PostGIS with PostgreSQL releases, X3D support, TIGER geocoder support, management functions.</para>
		</listitem>
		</varlistentry>

		<varlistentry>
			<term>Darafei Praliaskouski</term>
			<listitem>
				<para>Index improvements, bug fixing and geometry/geography function improvements, SFCGAL, raster, GitHub curation, and bot maintenance.</para>
			</listitem>
		</varlistentry>

		<varlistentry>
		<term>Paul Ramsey (Chair)</term>
		<listitem>
			<para>Co-founder of PostGIS project.  General bug fixing, geography support,  geography and geometry index support (2D, 3D, nD index and anything spatial index), underlying geometry internal structures, GEOS functionality integration and alignment with
			GEOS releases, alignment of
			PostGIS with PostgreSQL releases, loader/dumper, and Shapefile GUI loader.</para>
		</listitem>
		</varlistentry>

		<varlistentry>
		<term>Sandro Santilli</term>
		<listitem>
			<para>Bug fixes and maintenance, buildbot maintenance, git mirror management, management functions, integration of new GEOS functionality and alignment with GEOS releases, topology support, and raster framework and low level API functions.</para>
		</listitem>
		</varlistentry>

	</variablelist>
  </sect1>
  <sect1 id="credits_core_present">
	<title>Core Contributors Present</title>
	<variablelist>
		<varlistentry>
			<term>Nicklas Avén</term>
			<listitem>
			  <para>Distance function enhancements (including 3D distance and relationship functions) and additions, Tiny WKB (TWKB) output format and general user support</para>
			</listitem>
		</varlistentry>

		<varlistentry>
			<term>Loïc Bartoletti</term>
			<listitem>
			  <para>SFCGAL enhancements and maintenance and ci support</para>
			</listitem>
		</varlistentry>

		<varlistentry>
			<term>Dan Baston</term>

			<listitem>
			  <para>Geometry clustering function additions, other geometry algorithm enhancements, GEOS enhancements and general user support</para>
			</listitem>
		</varlistentry>

		<varlistentry>
			<term>Martin Davis</term>
			<listitem>
			  <para>GEOS enhancements and documentation</para>
			</listitem>
		</varlistentry>

    	<varlistentry>
			<term>Björn Harrtell</term>

			<listitem>
			  <para>MapBox Vector Tile and GeoBuf functions. Gogs testing and GitLab experimentation.</para>
			</listitem>
		</varlistentry>

    	<varlistentry>
			<term>Aliaksandr Kalenik</term>

			<listitem>
			  <para>Geometry Processing, PostgreSQL gist, general bug fixing</para>
			</listitem>
		</varlistentry>
	</variablelist>
  </sect1>

  <sect1 id="credits_core_past">
	<title>Core Contributors Past</title>
	<variablelist>
		<varlistentry>
            <term>Bborie Park</term>
            <listitem>
                <para>Prior PSC Member. Raster development, integration with GDAL, raster loader, user support, general bug fixing, testing on various OS (Slackware, Mac, Windows, and more)</para>
            </listitem>
		</varlistentry>

		<varlistentry>
			<term>Mark Cave-Ayland</term>
			<listitem>
				<para>Prior PSC Member. Coordinated bug fixing and maintenance effort, spatial index selectivity and binding, loader/dumper, and Shapefile GUI Loader, integration of new
					and new function enhancements.</para>
			</listitem>
		</varlistentry>

		<varlistentry>
			<term>Jorge Arévalo</term>
			<listitem>
			  <para>Raster development, GDAL driver support, loader</para>
			</listitem>
		</varlistentry>

		<varlistentry>
			<term>Olivier Courtin</term>
			<listitem>
			  <para>(Emeritus) Input/output XML (KML,GML)/GeoJSON functions, 3D support and bug fixes.</para>
			</listitem>
		</varlistentry>

		<varlistentry>
		<term>Chris Hodgson</term>
		<listitem>
		  <para>Prior PSC Member. General development, site and buildbot maintenance, OSGeo incubation management</para>
		</listitem>
		</varlistentry>

		<varlistentry>
			<term>Mateusz Loskot</term>
			<listitem>
			  <para>CMake support for PostGIS, built original raster loader in python and low level raster API functions</para>
			</listitem>
		</varlistentry>

		<varlistentry>
		<term>Kevin Neufeld</term>
		<listitem>
		  <para>Prior PSC Member. Documentation and documentation support tools, buildbot maintenance, advanced user support
		  on PostGIS newsgroup, and PostGIS maintenance function enhancements.</para>
		</listitem>
		</varlistentry>

		<varlistentry>
		<term>Dave Blasby</term>

		<listitem>
		  <para>The original developer/Co-founder of PostGIS. Dave wrote the server side
		  objects, index bindings, and many of the server side analytical
		  functions.</para>
		</listitem>
		</varlistentry>

		<varlistentry>
		<term>Jeff Lounsbury</term>
		<listitem>
		  <para>Original development of the Shapefile loader/dumper.</para>
		</listitem>
		</varlistentry>


		<varlistentry>
		<term>Mark Leslie</term>
		<listitem>
		  <para>Ongoing maintenance and development of core functions.  Enhanced curve support. Shapefile GUI loader.</para>
		</listitem>
		</varlistentry>

        <varlistentry>
			<term>Pierre Racine</term>
			<listitem>
			  <para>Architect of PostGIS raster implementation. Raster overall architecture, prototyping, programming support</para>
			</listitem>
		</varlistentry>

        <varlistentry>
			<term>David Zwarg</term>
			<listitem>
			  <para>Raster development (mostly map algebra analytic functions)</para>
			</listitem>
		</varlistentry>
	</variablelist>
</sect1>

<sect1 id="credits_other_contributors"><title>Other Contributors</title>
	<variablelist>
	  <varlistentry>
		<term>Individual Contributors</term>

		<listitem>
			<para>
				<simplelist type="vert" columns="3">
					<member>Alex Bodnaru</member>
					<member>Alex Mayrhofer</member>
					<member>Andrea Peri</member>
					<member>Andreas Forø Tollefsen</member>
					<member>Andreas Neumann</member>
					<member>Andrew Gierth</member>
					<member>Anne Ghisla</member>
					<member>Antoine Bajolet</member>
					<member>Arthur Lesuisse</member>
					<member>Artur Zakirov</member>
					<member>Barbara Phillipot</member>
					<member>Ben Jubb</member>
					<member>Bernhard Reiter</member>
					<member>Björn Esser</member>
					<member>Brian Hamlin</member>
					<member>Bruce Rindahl</member>
					<member>Bruno Wolff III</member>
					<member>Bryce L. Nordgren</member>
					<member>Carl Anderson</member>
					<member>Charlie Savage</member>
					<member>Christoph Berg</member>
					<member>Christoph Moench-Tegeder</member>
					<member>Dane Springmeyer</member>
					<member>Dave Fuhry</member>
					<member>David Garnier</member>
					<member>David Skea</member>
					<member>David Techer</member>
					<member>Dmitry Vasilyev</member>
					<member>Eduin Carrillo</member>
					<member>Eugene Antimirov</member>
					<member>Even Rouault</member>
					<member>Frank Warmerdam</member>
					<member>George Silva</member>
					<member>Gerald Fenoy</member>
					<member>Gino Lucrezi</member>
					<member>Greg Troxel</member>
					<member>Guillaume Lelarge</member>
                    <member>Giuseppe Broccolo</member>
                    <member>Han Wang</member>
					<member>Haribabu Kommi</member>
					<member>Havard Tveite</member>
					<member>IIDA Tetsushi</member>
					<member>Ingvild Nystuen</member>
					<member>Jackie Leng</member>
					<member>James Marca</member>
                    <member>Jan Katins</member>
					<member>Jason Smith</member>
					<member>Jeff Adams</member>
                    <member>Jelte Fennema</member>
                    <member>Jim Jones</member>
                    <member>Joe Conway</member>
					<member>Jonne Savolainen</member>
					<member>Jose Carlos Martinez Llari</member>
					<member>Jörg Habenicht</member>
					<member>Julien Rouhaud</member>
					<member>Kashif Rasul</member>
					<member>Klaus Foerster</member>
					<member>Kris Jurka</member>
					<member>Laurenz Albe</member>
					<member>Lars Roessiger</member>
					<member>Leo Hsu</member>
					<member>Loic Dachary</member>
					<member>Luca S. Percich</member>
                    <member>Lucas C. Villa Real</member>
					<member>Maria Arias de Reyna</member>
					<member>Marc Ducobu</member>
					<member>Mark Sondheim</member>
					<member>Markus Schaber</member>
					<member>Markus Wanner</member>
					<member>Matt Amos</member>
                    <member>Matt Bretl</member>
					<member>Matthias Bay</member>
					<member>Maxime Guillaud</member>
					<member>Maxime van Noppen</member>
					<member>Michael Fuhr</member>
					<member>Mike Toews</member>
					<member>Nathan Wagner</member>
					<member>Nathaniel Clay</member>
					<member>Nikita Shulga</member>
					<member>Norman Vine</member>
					<member>Patricia Tozer</member>
					<member>Rafal Magda</member>
					<member>Ralph Mason</member>
					<member>Rémi Cura</member>
					<member>Richard Greenwood</member>
					<member>Roger Crew</member>
					<member>Ron Mayer</member>
					<member>Sebastiaan Couwenberg</member>
                    <member>Sergei Shoulbakov</member>
					<member>Sergey Fedoseev</member>
					<member>Shinichi Sugiyama</member>
					<member>Shoaib Burq</member>
					<member>Silvio Grosso</member>
                    <member>Stefan Corneliu Petrea</member>
					<member>Steffen Macke</member>
					<member>Stepan Kuzmin</member>
					<member>Stephen Frost</member>
                    <member>Steven Ottens</member>
					<member>Talha Rizwan</member>
					<member>Tom Glancy</member>
					<member>Tom van Tilburg</member>
					<member>Vincent Mora</member>
					<member>Vincent Picavet</member>
					<member>Volf Tomáš</member>
				</simplelist>
			</para>
		</listitem>
	</varlistentry>

	  <varlistentry>
		<term>Corporate Sponsors</term>

		<listitem>
			<para>These are corporate entities that have contributed developer time, hosting, or direct monetary funding to the PostGIS project.
			      In alphabetical order:
			<itemizedlist>
                <listitem><simpara><ulink url="https://aiven.io">Aiven</ulink></simpara></listitem>
				<listitem><simpara><ulink url="https://arrival3d.com">Arrival 3D</ulink></simpara></listitem>
				<listitem><simpara><ulink url="http://gfoss.it">Associazione Italiana per l'Informazione Geografica Libera (GFOSS.it)</ulink></simpara></listitem>
				<listitem><simpara><ulink url="https://www.ausvet.com.au">AusVet</ulink></simpara></listitem>
				<listitem><simpara>Avencia</simpara></listitem>
				<listitem><simpara><ulink url="https://www.azavea.com">Azavea</ulink></simpara></listitem>
				<listitem><simpara><ulink url="https://www.boundlessgeo.com">Boundless</ulink></simpara></listitem>
				<listitem><simpara><ulink url="https://www.cadcorp.com">Cadcorp</ulink></simpara></listitem>
				<listitem><simpara><ulink url="https://www.camptocamp.com">Camptocamp</ulink></simpara></listitem>
				<listitem><simpara><ulink url="https://carto.com">Carto</ulink></simpara></listitem>
                <listitem><simpara><ulink url="https://www.crunchydata.com">Crunchy Data</ulink></simpara></listitem>
				<listitem><simpara><ulink url="https://www.boston.gov">City of Boston (DND)</ulink></simpara></listitem>
				<listitem><simpara><ulink url="https://www.hel.fi">City of Helsinki</ulink></simpara></listitem>
				<listitem><simpara><ulink url="https://blog.cleverelephant.ca">Clever Elephant Solutions</ulink></simpara></listitem>
				<listitem><simpara><ulink url="https://www.alveo.coop">Cooperativa Alveo</ulink></simpara></listitem>
				<listitem><simpara><ulink url="http://www.elecnor-deimos.com">Deimos Space</ulink></simpara></listitem>
				<listitem><simpara><ulink url="https://www.faunalia.eu">Faunalia</ulink></simpara></listitem>
				<listitem><simpara><ulink url="https://gov.bc.ca">Geographic Data BC</ulink></simpara></listitem>
				<listitem><simpara>Hunter Systems Group</simpara></listitem>
				<listitem><simpara><ulink url="https://www.isciences.com">ISciences, LLC</ulink></simpara></listitem>
                <listitem><simpara><ulink url="https://www.kontur.io">Kontur</ulink></simpara></listitem>
				<listitem><simpara><ulink url="https://www.lidwala.com">Lidwala Consulting Engineers</ulink></simpara></listitem>
				<listitem><simpara><ulink url="https://www.jirotech.com">LISAsoft</ulink></simpara></listitem>
				<listitem><simpara>Logical Tracking &amp; Tracing International AG</simpara></listitem>
				<listitem><simpara>Maponics</simpara></listitem>
				<listitem><simpara><ulink url="http://www.mtri.org">Michigan Tech Research Institute</ulink></simpara></listitem>
				<listitem><simpara><ulink url="https://www.nrcan.gc.ca">Natural Resources Canada</ulink></simpara></listitem>
				<listitem><simpara>Norwegian Forest and Landscape Institue</simpara></listitem>
				<listitem><simpara><ulink url="https://www.nibio.no/">Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research (NIBIO)</ulink></simpara></listitem>
				<listitem><simpara><ulink url="https://www.osgeo.org">OSGeo</ulink></simpara></listitem>
				<listitem><simpara><ulink url="https://oslandia.com">Oslandia</ulink></simpara></listitem>
				<listitem><simpara><ulink url="https://www.palantir.com">Palantir Technologies</ulink></simpara></listitem>
				<listitem><simpara><ulink url="https://www.paragoncorporation.com">Paragon Corporation</ulink></simpara></listitem>
				<listitem><simpara><ulink url="https://www.r3-gis.com">R3 GIS</ulink></simpara></listitem>
				<listitem><simpara><ulink url="http://www.refractions.net">Refractions Research</ulink></simpara></listitem>
				<listitem><simpara><ulink url="https://www.regione.toscana.it">Regione Toscana - SITA</ulink></simpara></listitem>
				<listitem><simpara><ulink url="https://www.safe.com">Safe Software</ulink></simpara></listitem>
				<listitem><simpara>Sirius Corporation plc</simpara></listitem>
				<listitem><simpara><ulink url="http://www.uster.ch">Stadt Uster</ulink></simpara></listitem>
				<listitem><simpara><ulink url="https://www.ucdavis.edu">UC Davis Center for Vectorborne Diseases</ulink></simpara></listitem>
				<listitem><simpara><ulink url="https://www.ulaval.ca">Université Laval</ulink></simpara></listitem>
				<listitem><simpara><ulink url="https://hiu.state.gov">U.S. Department of State (HIU)</ulink></simpara></listitem>
				<listitem><simpara><ulink url="https://www.zonarsystems.com">Zonar Systems</ulink></simpara></listitem>
			</itemizedlist>
		</para>
		</listitem>
	  </varlistentry>

	   <varlistentry>
		<term>Crowd Funding Campaigns</term>

		<listitem>
            <para>Crowd funding campaigns are campaigns we run to get badly wanted features funded that can service a large number of people.  Each campaign is specifically focused on a particular feature or set of features.  Each sponsor chips in a small fraction of the needed funding and with enough people/organizations contributing, we have the funds to pay for the work that will help many.  If you have an idea for a feature you think many others would be willing to co-fund, please post to the <ulink url="https://lists.osgeo.org/mailman/listinfo/postgis-users">PostGIS newsgroup</ulink> your thoughts and together we can make it happen. </para>
		  <para>PostGIS 2.0.0 was the first release we tried this strategy. We used <ulink url="http://www.pledgebank.com">PledgeBank</ulink> and we got two successful campaigns out of it.</para>
		  <para><ulink url="http://www.pledgebank.com/postgistopology"><emphasis role="bold">postgistopology</emphasis></ulink> - 10 plus sponsors each contributed $250 USD to build toTopoGeometry function and beef up topology support in 2.0.0. It happened.</para>
		 <para><ulink url="http://www.pledgebank.com/postgis64windows"><emphasis role="bold">postgis64windows</emphasis></ulink> - 20 someodd sponsors each contributed $100 USD to pay for the work needed to work out PostGIS 64-bit issues on windows. It happened.</para>
		</listitem>
	  </varlistentry>

	  <varlistentry>
		<term>Important Support Libraries</term>

		<listitem>
		  <para>The <ulink url="https://libgeos.org">GEOS</ulink>
		  geometry operations library</para>

		  <para>The <ulink url="https://gdal.org">GDAL</ulink>
		  Geospatial Data Abstraction Library used to
		  power much of the raster functionality introduced in PostGIS 2. In kind, improvements needed in GDAL
		  to support PostGIS are contributed back to the GDAL project.</para>

		  <para>The <ulink url="https://www.proj4.org">PROJ</ulink>
		  cartographic projection library</para>

		  <para>Last but not least, <ulink url="https://www.postgresql.org">PostgreSQL</ulink>,
		  the giant that PostGIS stands on.  Much of the speed and flexibility of PostGIS would not be possible without
		  the extensibility, great query planner, GIST index, and plethora of SQL features provided by PostgreSQL.</para>
		</listitem>
	  </varlistentry>
	</variablelist>
  </sect1>

</chapter>
