/**********************************************************************
 *
 * PostGIS - Spatial Types for PostgreSQL
 * http://postgis.net
 *
 * PostGIS is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
 * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
 * the Free Software Foundation, either version 2 of the License, or
 * (at your option) any later version.
 *
 * PostGIS is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
 * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
 * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
 * GNU General Public License for more details.
 *
 * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
 * along with PostGIS.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
 *
 **********************************************************************
 *
 * Copyright (C) 2001-2005 Refractions Research Inc.
 *
 **********************************************************************/


#include "postgres.h"
#include "funcapi.h"
#include "fmgr.h"
#include "liblwgeom.h"
#include "liblwgeom_internal.h"  /* For FP comparators. */
#include "lwgeom_pg.h"
#include "math.h"
#include "lwgeom_rtree.h"
#include "lwgeom_functions_analytic.h"

#include "access/htup_details.h"

/* Prototypes */
Datum LWGEOM_simplify2d(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS);
Datum LWGEOM_SetEffectiveArea(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS);
Datum LWGEOM_line_interpolate_point(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS);
Datum ST_LineCrossingDirection(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS);
Datum ST_MinimumBoundingRadius(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS);
Datum ST_MinimumBoundingCircle(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS);
Datum ST_GeometricMedian(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS);
Datum ST_IsPolygonCCW(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS);
Datum ST_IsPolygonCW(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS);


static double determineSide(const POINT2D *seg1, const POINT2D *seg2, const POINT2D *point);
static int isOnSegment(const POINT2D *seg1, const POINT2D *seg2, const POINT2D *point);
static int point_in_ring(POINTARRAY *pts, const POINT2D *point);
static int point_in_ring_rtree(RTREE_NODE *root, const POINT2D *point);

/***********************************************************************
 * Simple Douglas-Peucker line simplification.
 * No checks are done to avoid introduction of self-intersections.
 * No topology relations are considered.
 *
 * --strk@kbt.io;
 ***********************************************************************/

PG_FUNCTION_INFO_V1(LWGEOM_simplify2d);
Datum LWGEOM_simplify2d(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
{
	GSERIALIZED *geom = PG_GETARG_GSERIALIZED_P_COPY(0);
	double dist = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(1);
	GSERIALIZED *result;
	int type = gserialized_get_type(geom);
	LWGEOM *in;
	bool preserve_collapsed = false;
	int modified = LW_FALSE;

	/* Can't simplify points! */
	if ( type == POINTTYPE || type == MULTIPOINTTYPE )
		PG_RETURN_POINTER(geom);

	/* Handle optional argument to preserve collapsed features */
	if ((PG_NARGS() > 2) && (!PG_ARGISNULL(2)))
		preserve_collapsed = PG_GETARG_BOOL(2);

	in = lwgeom_from_gserialized(geom);

	modified = lwgeom_simplify_in_place(in, dist, preserve_collapsed);
	if (!modified)
		PG_RETURN_POINTER(geom);

	if (!in || lwgeom_is_empty(in))
		PG_RETURN_NULL();

	result = geometry_serialize(in);
	PG_RETURN_POINTER(result);
}

PG_FUNCTION_INFO_V1(LWGEOM_SetEffectiveArea);
Datum LWGEOM_SetEffectiveArea(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
{
	GSERIALIZED *geom = PG_GETARG_GSERIALIZED_P(0);
	GSERIALIZED *result;
	int type = gserialized_get_type(geom);
	LWGEOM *in;
	LWGEOM *out;
	double area=0;
	int set_area=0;

	if ( type == POINTTYPE || type == MULTIPOINTTYPE )
		PG_RETURN_POINTER(geom);

	if ( (PG_NARGS()>1) && (!PG_ARGISNULL(1)) )
		area = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(1);

	if ( (PG_NARGS()>2) && (!PG_ARGISNULL(2)) )
	set_area = PG_GETARG_INT32(2);

	in = lwgeom_from_gserialized(geom);

	out = lwgeom_set_effective_area(in,set_area, area);
	if ( ! out ) PG_RETURN_NULL();

	/* COMPUTE_BBOX TAINTING */
	if ( in->bbox ) lwgeom_add_bbox(out);

	result = geometry_serialize(out);
	lwgeom_free(out);
	PG_FREE_IF_COPY(geom, 0);
	PG_RETURN_POINTER(result);
}

PG_FUNCTION_INFO_V1(LWGEOM_ChaikinSmoothing);
Datum LWGEOM_ChaikinSmoothing(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
{
	GSERIALIZED *geom = PG_GETARG_GSERIALIZED_P(0);
	GSERIALIZED *result;
	int type = gserialized_get_type(geom);
	LWGEOM *in;
	LWGEOM *out;
	int preserve_endpoints=1;
	int n_iterations=1;

	if ( type == POINTTYPE || type == MULTIPOINTTYPE )
		PG_RETURN_POINTER(geom);

	if ( (PG_NARGS()>1) && (!PG_ARGISNULL(1)) )
		n_iterations = PG_GETARG_INT32(1);

	if (n_iterations< 1 || n_iterations>5)
		elog(ERROR,"Number of iterations must be between 1 and 5 : %s", __func__);

	if ( (PG_NARGS()>2) && (!PG_ARGISNULL(2)) )
	{
		if(PG_GETARG_BOOL(2))
			preserve_endpoints = 1;
		else
			preserve_endpoints = 0;
	}

	in = lwgeom_from_gserialized(geom);

	out = lwgeom_chaikin(in, n_iterations, preserve_endpoints);
	if ( ! out ) PG_RETURN_NULL();

	/* COMPUTE_BBOX TAINTING */
	if ( in->bbox ) lwgeom_add_bbox(out);

	result = geometry_serialize(out);
	lwgeom_free(out);
	PG_FREE_IF_COPY(geom, 0);
	PG_RETURN_POINTER(result);
}


/***********************************************************************
 * --strk@kbt.io;
 ***********************************************************************/

/***********************************************************************
 * Interpolate a point along a line, useful for Geocoding applications
 * SELECT line_interpolate_point( 'LINESTRING( 0 0, 2 2'::geometry, .5 )
 * returns POINT( 1 1 ).
 ***********************************************************************/
PG_FUNCTION_INFO_V1(LWGEOM_line_interpolate_point);
Datum LWGEOM_line_interpolate_point(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
{
	GSERIALIZED *gser = PG_GETARG_GSERIALIZED_P(0);
	GSERIALIZED *result;
	double distance_fraction = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(1);
	int repeat = PG_NARGS() > 2 && PG_GETARG_BOOL(2);
	int32_t srid = gserialized_get_srid(gser);
	LWLINE* lwline;
	LWGEOM* lwresult;
	POINTARRAY* opa;

	if ( distance_fraction < 0 || distance_fraction > 1 )
	{
		elog(ERROR,"line_interpolate_point: 2nd arg isn't within [0,1]");
		PG_FREE_IF_COPY(gser, 0);
		PG_RETURN_NULL();
	}

	if ( gserialized_get_type(gser) != LINETYPE )
	{
		elog(ERROR,"line_interpolate_point: 1st arg isn't a line");
		PG_FREE_IF_COPY(gser, 0);
		PG_RETURN_NULL();
	}

	lwline = lwgeom_as_lwline(lwgeom_from_gserialized(gser));
	opa = lwline_interpolate_points(lwline, distance_fraction, repeat);

	lwgeom_free(lwline_as_lwgeom(lwline));
	PG_FREE_IF_COPY(gser, 0);

	if (opa->npoints <= 1)
	{
		lwresult = lwpoint_as_lwgeom(lwpoint_construct(srid, NULL, opa));
	} else {
		lwresult = lwmpoint_as_lwgeom(lwmpoint_construct(srid, opa));
	}

	result = geometry_serialize(lwresult);
	lwgeom_free(lwresult);

	PG_RETURN_POINTER(result);
}

/***********************************************************************
 * Interpolate a point along a line 3D version
 * --vincent.mora@oslandia.com;
 ***********************************************************************/

Datum ST_3DLineInterpolatePoint(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS);

PG_FUNCTION_INFO_V1(ST_3DLineInterpolatePoint);
Datum ST_3DLineInterpolatePoint(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
{
	GSERIALIZED *gser = PG_GETARG_GSERIALIZED_P(0);
	GSERIALIZED *result;
	double distance = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(1);
	LWLINE *line;
	LWGEOM *geom;
	LWPOINT *point;

	if (distance < 0 || distance > 1)
	{
		elog(ERROR, "line_interpolate_point: 2nd arg isn't within [0,1]");
		PG_RETURN_NULL();
	}

	if (gserialized_get_type(gser) != LINETYPE)
	{
		elog(ERROR, "line_interpolate_point: 1st arg isn't a line");
		PG_RETURN_NULL();
	}

	geom = lwgeom_from_gserialized(gser);
	line = lwgeom_as_lwline(geom);

	point = lwline_interpolate_point_3d(line, distance);

	lwgeom_free(geom);
	PG_FREE_IF_COPY(gser, 0);

	result = geometry_serialize(lwpoint_as_lwgeom(point));
	lwpoint_free(point);

	PG_RETURN_POINTER(result);
}

/***********************************************************************
 * --jsunday@rochgrp.com;
 ***********************************************************************/

/***********************************************************************
 *
 *  Grid application function for postgis.
 *
 *  WHAT IS
 *  -------
 *
 *  This is a grid application function for postgis.
 *  You use it to stick all of a geometry points to
 *  a custom grid defined by its origin and cell size
 *  in geometry units.
 *
 *  Points reduction is obtained by collapsing all
 *  consecutive points falling on the same grid node and
 *  removing all consecutive segments S1,S2 having
 *  S2.startpoint = S1.endpoint and S2.endpoint = S1.startpoint.
 *
 *  ISSUES
 *  ------
 *
 *  Only 2D is contemplated in grid application.
 *
 *  Consecutive coincident segments removal does not work
 *  on first/last segments (They are not considered consecutive).
 *
 *  Grid application occurs on a geometry subobject basis, thus no
 *  points reduction occurs for multipoint geometries.
 *
 *  USAGE TIPS
 *  ----------
 *
 *  Run like this:
 *
 *     SELECT SnapToGrid(<geometry>, <originX>, <originY>, <sizeX>, <sizeY>);
 *
 *     Grid cells are not visible on a screen as long as the screen
 *     point size is equal or bigger then the grid cell size.
 *     This assumption may be used to reduce the number of points in
 *     a map for a given display scale.
 *
 *     Keeping multiple resolution versions of the same data may be used
 *     in conjunction with MINSCALE/MAXSCALE keywords of mapserv to speed
 *     up rendering.
 *
 *     Check also the use of DP simplification to reduce grid visibility.
 *     I'm still researching about the relationship between grid size and
 *     DP epsilon values - please tell me if you know more about this.
 *
 *
 * --strk@kbt.io;
 *
 ***********************************************************************/

#define CHECK_RING_IS_CLOSE
#define SAMEPOINT(a,b) ((a)->x==(b)->x&&(a)->y==(b)->y)



/* Forward declarations */
Datum LWGEOM_snaptogrid(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS);
Datum LWGEOM_snaptogrid_pointoff(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS);



PG_FUNCTION_INFO_V1(LWGEOM_snaptogrid);
Datum LWGEOM_snaptogrid(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
{
	LWGEOM *in_lwgeom;
	GSERIALIZED *out_geom = NULL;
	LWGEOM *out_lwgeom;
	gridspec grid;

	GSERIALIZED *in_geom = PG_GETARG_GSERIALIZED_P(0);

	/* Set grid values to zero to start */
	memset(&grid, 0, sizeof(gridspec));

	grid.ipx = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(1);
	grid.ipy = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(2);
	grid.xsize = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(3);
	grid.ysize = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(4);

	/* Return input geometry if input geometry is empty */
	if ( gserialized_is_empty(in_geom) )
	{
		PG_RETURN_POINTER(in_geom);
	}

	/* Return input geometry if input grid is meaningless */
	if ( grid.xsize==0 && grid.ysize==0 && grid.zsize==0 && grid.msize==0 )
	{
		PG_RETURN_POINTER(in_geom);
	}

	in_lwgeom = lwgeom_from_gserialized(in_geom);

	POSTGIS_DEBUGF(3, "SnapToGrid got a %s", lwtype_name(in_lwgeom->type));

	out_lwgeom = lwgeom_grid(in_lwgeom, &grid);
	if ( out_lwgeom == NULL ) PG_RETURN_NULL();

	/* COMPUTE_BBOX TAINTING */
	if ( in_lwgeom->bbox )
		lwgeom_refresh_bbox(out_lwgeom);

	POSTGIS_DEBUGF(3, "SnapToGrid made a %s", lwtype_name(out_lwgeom->type));

	out_geom = geometry_serialize(out_lwgeom);

	PG_RETURN_POINTER(out_geom);
}


#if POSTGIS_DEBUG_LEVEL >= 4
/* Print grid using given reporter */
static void
grid_print(const gridspec *grid)
{
	lwpgnotice("GRID(%g %g %g %g, %g %g %g %g)",
	         grid->ipx, grid->ipy, grid->ipz, grid->ipm,
	         grid->xsize, grid->ysize, grid->zsize, grid->msize);
}
#endif


PG_FUNCTION_INFO_V1(LWGEOM_snaptogrid_pointoff);
Datum LWGEOM_snaptogrid_pointoff(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
{
	GSERIALIZED *in_geom, *in_point;
	LWGEOM *in_lwgeom;
	LWPOINT *in_lwpoint;
	GSERIALIZED *out_geom = NULL;
	LWGEOM *out_lwgeom;
	gridspec grid;
	/* BOX3D box3d; */
	POINT4D offsetpoint;

	in_geom = PG_GETARG_GSERIALIZED_P(0);

	/* Return input geometry if input geometry is empty */
	if ( gserialized_is_empty(in_geom) )
	{
		PG_RETURN_POINTER(in_geom);
	}

	in_point = PG_GETARG_GSERIALIZED_P(1);
	in_lwpoint = lwgeom_as_lwpoint(lwgeom_from_gserialized(in_point));
	if ( in_lwpoint == NULL )
	{
		lwpgerror("Offset geometry must be a point");
	}

	grid.xsize = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(2);
	grid.ysize = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(3);
	grid.zsize = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(4);
	grid.msize = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(5);

	/* Take offsets from point geometry */
	getPoint4d_p(in_lwpoint->point, 0, &offsetpoint);
	grid.ipx = offsetpoint.x;
	grid.ipy = offsetpoint.y;
	grid.ipz = lwgeom_has_z((LWGEOM*)in_lwpoint) ? offsetpoint.z : 0;
	grid.ipm = lwgeom_has_m((LWGEOM*)in_lwpoint) ? offsetpoint.m : 0;

#if POSTGIS_DEBUG_LEVEL >= 4
	grid_print(&grid);
#endif

	/* Return input geometry if input grid is meaningless */
	if ( grid.xsize==0 && grid.ysize==0 && grid.zsize==0 && grid.msize==0 )
	{
		PG_RETURN_POINTER(in_geom);
	}

	in_lwgeom = lwgeom_from_gserialized(in_geom);

	POSTGIS_DEBUGF(3, "SnapToGrid got a %s", lwtype_name(in_lwgeom->type));

	out_lwgeom = lwgeom_grid(in_lwgeom, &grid);
	if ( out_lwgeom == NULL ) PG_RETURN_NULL();

	/* COMPUTE_BBOX TAINTING */
	if (in_lwgeom->bbox)
	{
		lwgeom_refresh_bbox(out_lwgeom);
	}

	POSTGIS_DEBUGF(3, "SnapToGrid made a %s", lwtype_name(out_lwgeom->type));

	out_geom = geometry_serialize(out_lwgeom);

	PG_RETURN_POINTER(out_geom);
}


/*
** crossingDirection(line1, line2)
**
** Determines crossing direction of line2 relative to line1.
** Only accepts LINESTRING as parameters!
*/
PG_FUNCTION_INFO_V1(ST_LineCrossingDirection);
Datum ST_LineCrossingDirection(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
{
	int type1, type2, rv;
	LWLINE *l1 = NULL;
	LWLINE *l2 = NULL;
	GSERIALIZED *geom1 = PG_GETARG_GSERIALIZED_P(0);
	GSERIALIZED *geom2 = PG_GETARG_GSERIALIZED_P(1);

	gserialized_error_if_srid_mismatch(geom1, geom2, __func__);

	type1 = gserialized_get_type(geom1);
	type2 = gserialized_get_type(geom2);

	if ( type1 != LINETYPE || type2 != LINETYPE )
	{
		elog(ERROR,"This function only accepts LINESTRING as arguments.");
		PG_RETURN_NULL();
	}

	l1 = lwgeom_as_lwline(lwgeom_from_gserialized(geom1));
	l2 = lwgeom_as_lwline(lwgeom_from_gserialized(geom2));

	rv = lwline_crossing_direction(l1, l2);

	PG_FREE_IF_COPY(geom1, 0);
	PG_FREE_IF_COPY(geom2, 1);

	PG_RETURN_INT32(rv);

}



/***********************************************************************
 * --strk@kbt.io
 ***********************************************************************/

Datum LWGEOM_line_substring(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS);

PG_FUNCTION_INFO_V1(LWGEOM_line_substring);
Datum LWGEOM_line_substring(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
{
	GSERIALIZED *geom = PG_GETARG_GSERIALIZED_P(0);
	double from = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(1);
	double to = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(2);
	LWGEOM *olwgeom;
	POINTARRAY *ipa, *opa;
	GSERIALIZED *ret;
	int type = gserialized_get_type(geom);

	if ( from < 0 || from > 1 )
	{
		elog(ERROR,"line_interpolate_point: 2nd arg isn't within [0,1]");
		PG_RETURN_NULL();
	}

	if ( to < 0 || to > 1 )
	{
		elog(ERROR,"line_interpolate_point: 3rd arg isn't within [0,1]");
		PG_RETURN_NULL();
	}

	if ( from > to )
	{
		elog(ERROR, "2nd arg must be smaller then 3rd arg");
		PG_RETURN_NULL();
	}

	if ( type == LINETYPE )
	{
		LWLINE *iline = lwgeom_as_lwline(lwgeom_from_gserialized(geom));

		if ( lwgeom_is_empty((LWGEOM*)iline) )
		{
			/* TODO return empty line */
			lwline_release(iline);
			PG_FREE_IF_COPY(geom, 0);
			PG_RETURN_NULL();
		}

		ipa = iline->points;

		opa = ptarray_substring(ipa, from, to, 0);

		if ( opa->npoints == 1 ) /* Point returned */
			olwgeom = (LWGEOM *)lwpoint_construct(iline->srid, NULL, opa);
		else
			olwgeom = (LWGEOM *)lwline_construct(iline->srid, NULL, opa);

	}
	else if ( type == MULTILINETYPE )
	{
		LWMLINE *iline;
		uint32_t i = 0, g = 0;
		int homogeneous = LW_TRUE;
		LWGEOM **geoms = NULL;
		double length = 0.0, sublength = 0.0, minprop = 0.0, maxprop = 0.0;

		iline = lwgeom_as_lwmline(lwgeom_from_gserialized(geom));

		if ( lwgeom_is_empty((LWGEOM*)iline) )
		{
			/* TODO return empty collection */
			lwmline_release(iline);
			PG_FREE_IF_COPY(geom, 0);
			PG_RETURN_NULL();
		}

		/* Calculate the total length of the mline */
		for ( i = 0; i < iline->ngeoms; i++ )
		{
			LWLINE *subline = (LWLINE*)iline->geoms[i];
			if ( subline->points && subline->points->npoints > 1 )
				length += ptarray_length_2d(subline->points);
		}

		geoms = lwalloc(sizeof(LWGEOM*) * iline->ngeoms);

		/* Slice each sub-geometry of the multiline */
		for ( i = 0; i < iline->ngeoms; i++ )
		{
			LWLINE *subline = (LWLINE*)iline->geoms[i];
			double subfrom = 0.0, subto = 0.0;

			if ( subline->points && subline->points->npoints > 1 )
				sublength += ptarray_length_2d(subline->points);

			/* Calculate proportions for this subline */
			minprop = maxprop;
			maxprop = sublength / length;

			/* This subline doesn't reach the lowest proportion requested
			   or is beyond the highest proporton */
			if ( from > maxprop || to < minprop )
				continue;

			if ( from <= minprop )
				subfrom = 0.0;
			if ( to >= maxprop )
				subto = 1.0;

			if ( from > minprop && from <= maxprop )
				subfrom = (from - minprop) / (maxprop - minprop);

			if ( to < maxprop && to >= minprop )
				subto = (to - minprop) / (maxprop - minprop);


			opa = ptarray_substring(subline->points, subfrom, subto, 0);
			if ( opa && opa->npoints > 0 )
			{
				if ( opa->npoints == 1 ) /* Point returned */
				{
					geoms[g] = (LWGEOM *)lwpoint_construct(SRID_UNKNOWN, NULL, opa);
					homogeneous = LW_FALSE;
				}
				else
				{
					geoms[g] = (LWGEOM *)lwline_construct(SRID_UNKNOWN, NULL, opa);
				}
				g++;
			}



		}
		/* If we got any points, we need to return a GEOMETRYCOLLECTION */
		if ( ! homogeneous )
			type = COLLECTIONTYPE;

		olwgeom = (LWGEOM*)lwcollection_construct(type, iline->srid, NULL, g, geoms);
	}
	else
	{
		elog(ERROR,"line_substring: 1st arg isn't a line");
		PG_RETURN_NULL();
	}

	ret = geometry_serialize(olwgeom);
	lwgeom_free(olwgeom);
	PG_FREE_IF_COPY(geom, 0);
	PG_RETURN_POINTER(ret);

}

/*******************************************************************************
 * The following is based on the "Fast Winding Number Inclusion of a Point
 * in a Polygon" algorithm by Dan Sunday.
 * http://softsurfer.com/Archive/algorithm_0103/algorithm_0103.htm#Winding%20Number
 ******************************************************************************/

/*
 * returns: >0 for a point to the left of the segment,
 *          <0 for a point to the right of the segment,
 *          0 for a point on the segment
 */
static double determineSide(const POINT2D *seg1, const POINT2D *seg2, const POINT2D *point)
{
	return ((seg2->x-seg1->x)*(point->y-seg1->y)-(point->x-seg1->x)*(seg2->y-seg1->y));
}

/*
 * This function doesn't test that the point falls on the line defined by
 * the two points.  It assumes that that has already been determined
 * by having determineSide return within the tolerance.  It simply checks
 * that if the point is on the line, it is within the endpoints.
 *
 * returns: 1 if the point is not outside the bounds of the segment
 *          0 if it is
 */
static int isOnSegment(const POINT2D *seg1, const POINT2D *seg2, const POINT2D *point)
{
	double maxX;
	double maxY;
	double minX;
	double minY;

	if (seg1->x > seg2->x)
	{
		maxX = seg1->x;
		minX = seg2->x;
	}
	else
	{
		maxX = seg2->x;
		minX = seg1->x;
	}
	if (seg1->y > seg2->y)
	{
		maxY = seg1->y;
		minY = seg2->y;
	}
	else
	{
		maxY = seg2->y;
		minY = seg1->y;
	}

	POSTGIS_DEBUGF(3, "maxX minX/maxY minY: %.8f %.8f/%.8f %.8f", maxX, minX, maxY, minY);

	if (maxX < point->x || minX > point->x)
	{
		POSTGIS_DEBUGF(3, "X value %.8f falls outside the range %.8f-%.8f", point->x, minX, maxX);

		return 0;
	}
	else if (maxY < point->y || minY > point->y)
	{
		POSTGIS_DEBUGF(3, "Y value %.8f falls outside the range %.8f-%.8f", point->y, minY, maxY);

		return 0;
	}
	return 1;
}

/*
 * return -1 iff point is outside ring pts
 * return 1 iff point is inside ring pts
 * return 0 iff point is on ring pts
 */
static int point_in_ring_rtree(RTREE_NODE *root, const POINT2D *point)
{
	int wn = 0;
	uint32_t i;
	double side;
	const POINT2D *seg1;
	const POINT2D *seg2;
	LWMLINE *lines;

	POSTGIS_DEBUG(2, "point_in_ring called.");

	lines = RTreeFindLineSegments(root, point->y);
	if (!lines)
		return -1;

	for (i=0; i<lines->ngeoms; i++)
	{
		seg1 = getPoint2d_cp(lines->geoms[i]->points, 0);
		seg2 = getPoint2d_cp(lines->geoms[i]->points, 1);

		side = determineSide(seg1, seg2, point);

		POSTGIS_DEBUGF(3, "segment: (%.8f, %.8f),(%.8f, %.8f)", seg1->x, seg1->y, seg2->x, seg2->y);
		POSTGIS_DEBUGF(3, "side result: %.8f", side);
		POSTGIS_DEBUGF(3, "counterclockwise wrap %d, clockwise wrap %d", FP_CONTAINS_BOTTOM(seg1->y, point->y, seg2->y), FP_CONTAINS_BOTTOM(seg2->y, point->y, seg1->y));

		/* zero length segments are ignored. */
		if (((seg2->x - seg1->x)*(seg2->x - seg1->x) + (seg2->y - seg1->y)*(seg2->y - seg1->y)) < 1e-12*1e-12)
		{
			POSTGIS_DEBUG(3, "segment is zero length... ignoring.");

			continue;
		}

		/* a point on the boundary of a ring is not contained. */
		/* WAS: if (fabs(side) < 1e-12), see #852 */
		if (side == 0.0)
		{
			if (isOnSegment(seg1, seg2, point) == 1)
			{
				POSTGIS_DEBUGF(3, "point on ring boundary between points %d, %d", i, i+1);

				return 0;
			}
		}

		/*
		 * If the point is to the left of the line, and it's rising,
		 * then the line is to the right of the point and
		 * circling counter-clockwise, so increment.
		 */
		if ((seg1->y <= point->y) && (point->y < seg2->y) && (side > 0))
		{
			POSTGIS_DEBUG(3, "incrementing winding number.");

			++wn;
		}
		/*
		 * If the point is to the right of the line, and it's falling,
		 * then the line is to the right of the point and circling
		 * clockwise, so decrement.
		 */
		else if ((seg2->y <= point->y) && (point->y < seg1->y) && (side < 0))
		{
			POSTGIS_DEBUG(3, "decrementing winding number.");

			--wn;
		}
	}

	POSTGIS_DEBUGF(3, "winding number %d", wn);

	if (wn == 0)
		return -1;
	return 1;
}


/*
 * return -1 iff point is outside ring pts
 * return 1 iff point is inside ring pts
 * return 0 iff point is on ring pts
 */
static int point_in_ring(POINTARRAY *pts, const POINT2D *point)
{
	int wn = 0;
	uint32_t i;
	double side;
	const POINT2D* seg1;
	const POINT2D* seg2;

	POSTGIS_DEBUG(2, "point_in_ring called.");

	seg2 = getPoint2d_cp(pts, 0);
	for (i=0; i<pts->npoints-1; i++)
	{
		seg1 = seg2;
		seg2 = getPoint2d_cp(pts, i+1);

		side = determineSide(seg1, seg2, point);

		POSTGIS_DEBUGF(3, "segment: (%.8f, %.8f),(%.8f, %.8f)", seg1->x, seg1->y, seg2->x, seg2->y);
		POSTGIS_DEBUGF(3, "side result: %.8f", side);
		POSTGIS_DEBUGF(3, "counterclockwise wrap %d, clockwise wrap %d", FP_CONTAINS_BOTTOM(seg1->y, point->y, seg2->y), FP_CONTAINS_BOTTOM(seg2->y, point->y, seg1->y));

		/* zero length segments are ignored. */
		if ((seg2->x == seg1->x) && (seg2->y == seg1->y))
		{
			POSTGIS_DEBUG(3, "segment is zero length... ignoring.");

			continue;
		}

		/* a point on the boundary of a ring is not contained. */
		/* WAS: if (fabs(side) < 1e-12), see #852 */
		if (side == 0.0)
		{
			if (isOnSegment(seg1, seg2, point) == 1)
			{
				POSTGIS_DEBUGF(3, "point on ring boundary between points %d, %d", i, i+1);

				return 0;
			}
		}

		/*
		 * If the point is to the left of the line, and it's rising,
		 * then the line is to the right of the point and
		 * circling counter-clockwise, so increment.
		 */
		if ((seg1->y <= point->y) && (point->y < seg2->y) && (side > 0))
		{
			POSTGIS_DEBUG(3, "incrementing winding number.");

			++wn;
		}
		/*
		 * If the point is to the right of the line, and it's falling,
		 * then the line is to the right of the point and circling
		 * clockwise, so decrement.
		 */
		else if ((seg2->y <= point->y) && (point->y < seg1->y) && (side < 0))
		{
			POSTGIS_DEBUG(3, "decrementing winding number.");

			--wn;
		}
	}

	POSTGIS_DEBUGF(3, "winding number %d", wn);

	if (wn == 0)
		return -1;
	return 1;
}

/*
 * return 0 iff point outside polygon or on boundary
 * return 1 iff point inside polygon
 */
int point_in_polygon_rtree(RTREE_NODE **root, int ringCount, LWPOINT *point)
{
	int i;
	POINT2D pt;

	POSTGIS_DEBUGF(2, "point_in_polygon called for %p %d %p.", root, ringCount, point);

	getPoint2d_p(point->point, 0, &pt);
	/* assume bbox short-circuit has already been attempted */

	if (point_in_ring_rtree(root[0], &pt) != 1)
	{
		POSTGIS_DEBUG(3, "point_in_polygon_rtree: outside exterior ring.");

		return 0;
	}

	for (i=1; i<ringCount; i++)
	{
		if (point_in_ring_rtree(root[i], &pt) != -1)
		{
			POSTGIS_DEBUGF(3, "point_in_polygon_rtree: within hole %d.", i);

			return 0;
		}
	}
	return 1;
}

/*
 * return -1 if point outside polygon
 * return 0 if point on boundary
 * return 1 if point inside polygon
 *
 * Expected **root order is each exterior ring followed by its holes, eg. EIIEIIEI
 */
int point_in_multipolygon_rtree(RTREE_NODE **root, int polyCount, int *ringCounts, LWPOINT *point)
{
	int i, p, r, in_ring;
	POINT2D pt;
	int result = -1;

	POSTGIS_DEBUGF(2, "point_in_multipolygon_rtree called for %p %d %p.", root, polyCount, point);

	/* empty is not within anything */
	if (lwpoint_is_empty(point)) return -1;

	getPoint2d_p(point->point, 0, &pt);
	/* assume bbox short-circuit has already been attempted */

        i = 0; /* the current index into the root array */

	/* is the point inside any of the sub-polygons? */
	for ( p = 0; p < polyCount; p++ )
	{
		/* Skip empty polygons */
		if( ringCounts[p] == 0 ) continue;

		in_ring = point_in_ring_rtree(root[i], &pt);
		POSTGIS_DEBUGF(4, "point_in_multipolygon_rtree: exterior ring (%d), point_in_ring returned %d", p, in_ring);
		if ( in_ring == -1 ) /* outside the exterior ring */
		{
			POSTGIS_DEBUG(3, "point_in_multipolygon_rtree: outside exterior ring.");
		}
         	else if ( in_ring == 0 ) /* on the boundary */
		{
			POSTGIS_DEBUGF(3, "point_in_multipolygon_rtree: on edge of exterior ring %d", p);
                        return 0;
		} else {
                	result = in_ring;

	                for(r=1; r<ringCounts[p]; r++)
     	                {
                        	in_ring = point_in_ring_rtree(root[i+r], &pt);
		        	POSTGIS_DEBUGF(4, "point_in_multipolygon_rtree: interior ring (%d), point_in_ring returned %d", r, in_ring);
                        	if (in_ring == 1) /* inside a hole => outside the polygon */
                        	{
                                	POSTGIS_DEBUGF(3, "point_in_multipolygon_rtree: within hole %d of exterior ring %d", r, p);
                                	result = -1;
                                	break;
                        	}
                        	if (in_ring == 0) /* on the edge of a hole */
                        	{
			        	POSTGIS_DEBUGF(3, "point_in_multipolygon_rtree: on edge of hole %d of exterior ring %d", r, p);
                                	return 0;
		        	}
                	}
                	/* if we have a positive result, we can short-circuit and return it */
                	if ( result != -1)
                	{
                        	return result;
                	}
                }
                /* increment the index by the total number of rings in the sub-poly */
                /* we do this here in case we short-cutted out of the poly before looking at all the rings */
                i += ringCounts[p];
	}

	return result; /* -1 = outside, 0 = boundary, 1 = inside */

}

/*
 * return -1 iff point outside polygon
 * return 0 iff point on boundary
 * return 1 iff point inside polygon
 */
int point_in_polygon(LWPOLY *polygon, LWPOINT *point)
{
	uint32_t i;
	int result, in_ring;
	POINT2D pt;

	POSTGIS_DEBUG(2, "point_in_polygon called.");

	getPoint2d_p(point->point, 0, &pt);
	/* assume bbox short-circuit has already been attempted */

	/* everything is outside of an empty polygon */
	if ( polygon->nrings == 0 ) return -1;

	in_ring = point_in_ring(polygon->rings[0], &pt);
	if ( in_ring == -1) /* outside the exterior ring */
	{
		POSTGIS_DEBUG(3, "point_in_polygon: outside exterior ring.");
		return -1;
	}
	result = in_ring;

	for (i=1; i<polygon->nrings; i++)
	{
		in_ring = point_in_ring(polygon->rings[i], &pt);
		if (in_ring == 1) /* inside a hole => outside the polygon */
		{
			POSTGIS_DEBUGF(3, "point_in_polygon: within hole %d.", i);
			return -1;
		}
		if (in_ring == 0) /* on the edge of a hole */
		{
			POSTGIS_DEBUGF(3, "point_in_polygon: on edge of hole %d.", i);
			return 0;
		}
	}
	return result; /* -1 = outside, 0 = boundary, 1 = inside */
}

/*
 * return -1 iff point outside multipolygon
 * return 0 iff point on multipolygon boundary
 * return 1 iff point inside multipolygon
 */
int point_in_multipolygon(LWMPOLY *mpolygon, LWPOINT *point)
{
	uint32_t i, j;
	int result, in_ring;
	POINT2D pt;

	POSTGIS_DEBUG(2, "point_in_polygon called.");

	/* empty is not within anything */
	if (lwpoint_is_empty(point)) return -1;

	getPoint2d_p(point->point, 0, &pt);
	/* assume bbox short-circuit has already been attempted */

	result = -1;

	for (j = 0; j < mpolygon->ngeoms; j++ )
	{

		LWPOLY *polygon = mpolygon->geoms[j];

		/* everything is outside of an empty polygon */
		if ( polygon->nrings == 0 ) continue;

		in_ring = point_in_ring(polygon->rings[0], &pt);
		if ( in_ring == -1) /* outside the exterior ring */
		{
			POSTGIS_DEBUG(3, "point_in_polygon: outside exterior ring.");
			continue;
		}
		if ( in_ring == 0 )
		{
			return 0;
		}

		result = in_ring;

		for (i=1; i<polygon->nrings; i++)
		{
			in_ring = point_in_ring(polygon->rings[i], &pt);
			if (in_ring == 1) /* inside a hole => outside the polygon */
			{
				POSTGIS_DEBUGF(3, "point_in_polygon: within hole %d.", i);
				result = -1;
				break;
			}
			if (in_ring == 0) /* on the edge of a hole */
			{
				POSTGIS_DEBUGF(3, "point_in_polygon: on edge of hole %d.", i);
				return 0;
			}
		}
		if ( result != -1)
		{
			return result;
		}
	}
	return result;
}


/*******************************************************************************
 * End of "Fast Winding Number Inclusion of a Point in a Polygon" derivative.
 ******************************************************************************/

/**********************************************************************
 *
 * ST_MinimumBoundingRadius
 *
 **********************************************************************/

PG_FUNCTION_INFO_V1(ST_MinimumBoundingRadius);
Datum ST_MinimumBoundingRadius(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
{
	GSERIALIZED* geom;
	LWGEOM* input;
	LWBOUNDINGCIRCLE* mbc = NULL;
	LWGEOM* lwcenter;
	GSERIALIZED* center;
	TupleDesc resultTupleDesc;
	HeapTuple resultTuple;
	Datum result;
	Datum result_values[2];
	bool result_is_null[2];
	double radius = 0;

	if (PG_ARGISNULL(0))
		PG_RETURN_NULL();

	geom = PG_GETARG_GSERIALIZED_P(0);

    /* Empty geometry?  Return POINT EMPTY with zero radius */
	if (gserialized_is_empty(geom))
	{
		lwcenter = (LWGEOM*) lwpoint_construct_empty(gserialized_get_srid(geom), LW_FALSE, LW_FALSE);
	}
	else
	{
		input = lwgeom_from_gserialized(geom);
		mbc = lwgeom_calculate_mbc(input);

		if (!(mbc && mbc->center))
		{
			lwpgerror("Error calculating minimum bounding circle.");
			lwgeom_free(input);
			PG_RETURN_NULL();
		}

		lwcenter = (LWGEOM*) lwpoint_make2d(input->srid, mbc->center->x, mbc->center->y);
		radius = mbc->radius;

		lwboundingcircle_destroy(mbc);
		lwgeom_free(input);
	}

	center = geometry_serialize(lwcenter);
	lwgeom_free(lwcenter);

	get_call_result_type(fcinfo, NULL, &resultTupleDesc);
	BlessTupleDesc(resultTupleDesc);

	result_values[0] = PointerGetDatum(center);
	result_is_null[0] = false;
	result_values[1] = Float8GetDatum(radius);
	result_is_null[1] = false;

	resultTuple = heap_form_tuple(resultTupleDesc, result_values, result_is_null);

	result = HeapTupleGetDatum(resultTuple);

	PG_RETURN_DATUM(result);
}

/**********************************************************************
 *
 * ST_MinimumBoundingCircle
 *
 **********************************************************************/

PG_FUNCTION_INFO_V1(ST_MinimumBoundingCircle);
Datum ST_MinimumBoundingCircle(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
{
	GSERIALIZED* geom;
	LWGEOM* input;
	LWBOUNDINGCIRCLE* mbc = NULL;
	LWGEOM* lwcircle;
	GSERIALIZED* center;
	int segs_per_quarter;

	if (PG_ARGISNULL(0))
		PG_RETURN_NULL();

	geom = PG_GETARG_GSERIALIZED_P(0);
	segs_per_quarter = PG_GETARG_INT32(1);

	/* Empty geometry? Return POINT EMPTY */
	if (gserialized_is_empty(geom))
	{
		lwcircle = (LWGEOM*) lwpoint_construct_empty(gserialized_get_srid(geom), LW_FALSE, LW_FALSE);
	}
	else
	{
		input = lwgeom_from_gserialized(geom);
		mbc = lwgeom_calculate_mbc(input);

		if (!(mbc && mbc->center))
		{
			lwpgerror("Error calculating minimum bounding circle.");
			lwgeom_free(input);
			PG_RETURN_NULL();
		}

		/* Zero radius? Return a point. */
		if (mbc->radius == 0)
			lwcircle = lwpoint_as_lwgeom(lwpoint_make2d(input->srid, mbc->center->x, mbc->center->y));
		else
			lwcircle = lwpoly_as_lwgeom(lwpoly_construct_circle(input->srid, mbc->center->x, mbc->center->y, mbc->radius, segs_per_quarter, LW_TRUE));

		lwboundingcircle_destroy(mbc);
		lwgeom_free(input);
	}

	center = geometry_serialize(lwcircle);
	lwgeom_free(lwcircle);

	PG_RETURN_POINTER(center);
}

/**********************************************************************
 *
 * ST_GeometricMedian
 *
 **********************************************************************/

PG_FUNCTION_INFO_V1(ST_GeometricMedian);
Datum ST_GeometricMedian(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
{
	GSERIALIZED* geom;
	GSERIALIZED* result;
	LWGEOM* input;
	LWPOINT* lwresult;
	static const double min_default_tolerance = 1e-8;
	double tolerance = min_default_tolerance;
	bool compute_tolerance_from_box;
	bool fail_if_not_converged;
	int max_iter;

	/* Read and validate our input arguments */
	if (PG_ARGISNULL(0))
		PG_RETURN_NULL();

	compute_tolerance_from_box = PG_ARGISNULL(1);

	if (!compute_tolerance_from_box)
	{
		tolerance = PG_GETARG_FLOAT8(1);
		if (tolerance < 0)
		{
			lwpgerror("Tolerance must be positive.");
			PG_RETURN_NULL();
		}
	}

	max_iter = PG_ARGISNULL(2) ? -1 : PG_GETARG_INT32(2);
	fail_if_not_converged = PG_ARGISNULL(3) ? LW_FALSE : PG_GETARG_BOOL(3);

	if (max_iter < 0)
	{
		lwpgerror("Maximum iterations must be positive.");
		PG_RETURN_NULL();
	}

	/* OK, inputs are valid. */
	geom = PG_GETARG_GSERIALIZED_P(0);
	input = lwgeom_from_gserialized(geom);

	if (compute_tolerance_from_box)
	{
		/* Compute a default tolerance based on the smallest dimension
		 * of the geometry's bounding box.
		 */
		static const double tolerance_coefficient = 1e-6;
		const GBOX* box = lwgeom_get_bbox(input);

		if (box)
		{
			double min_dim = FP_MIN(box->xmax - box->xmin, box->ymax - box->ymin);
			if (lwgeom_has_z(input))
				min_dim = FP_MIN(min_dim, box->zmax - box->zmin);

			/* Apply a lower bound to the computed default tolerance to
			 * avoid a tolerance of zero in the case of collinear
			 * points.
			 */
			tolerance = FP_MAX(min_default_tolerance, tolerance_coefficient * min_dim);
		}
	}

	lwresult = lwgeom_median(input, tolerance, max_iter, fail_if_not_converged);
	lwgeom_free(input);

	if(!lwresult)
	{
		lwpgerror("Error computing geometric median.");
		PG_RETURN_NULL();
	}

	result = geometry_serialize(lwpoint_as_lwgeom(lwresult));

	PG_RETURN_POINTER(result);
}

/**********************************************************************
 *
 * ST_IsPolygonCW
 *
 **********************************************************************/

PG_FUNCTION_INFO_V1(ST_IsPolygonCW);
Datum ST_IsPolygonCW(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
{
	GSERIALIZED* geom;
	LWGEOM* input;
	bool is_clockwise;

	if (PG_ARGISNULL(0))
		PG_RETURN_NULL();

	geom = PG_GETARG_GSERIALIZED_P(0);
	input = lwgeom_from_gserialized(geom);

	is_clockwise = lwgeom_is_clockwise(input);

	lwgeom_free(input);
	PG_FREE_IF_COPY(geom, 0);

	PG_RETURN_BOOL(is_clockwise);
}

/**********************************************************************
 *
 * ST_IsPolygonCCW
 *
 **********************************************************************/

PG_FUNCTION_INFO_V1(ST_IsPolygonCCW);
Datum ST_IsPolygonCCW(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
{
	GSERIALIZED* geom;
	LWGEOM* input;
	bool is_ccw;

	if (PG_ARGISNULL(0))
		PG_RETURN_NULL();

	geom = PG_GETARG_GSERIALIZED_P_COPY(0);
	input = lwgeom_from_gserialized(geom);
	lwgeom_reverse_in_place(input);
	is_ccw = lwgeom_is_clockwise(input);
	lwgeom_free(input);
	PG_FREE_IF_COPY(geom, 0);

	PG_RETURN_BOOL(is_ccw);
}

